Supplementary Figure 8: Activity in different striatal cell classes is selectively associated with changes in rotational rate versus movement direction.

(a) Change in movement direction (assessed as zero crossings of the x-axis on the spherical treadmill) aligned to calcium events in PV and CHIs. Zero crossings were compared between periods when a calcium event occurred to all other periods when calcium events were absent. PV calcium events were associated with an increase in changes in movement direction, but not CHI calcium events (two-sided sign-test, sign=51, n = 78 neurons in 6 PV-Cre mice, P = 0.0088; sign=29, n = 50 neurons in 6 Chat-Cre mice, P = 0.32). (b) Optogenetic stimulation of PV neurons led to an increase in changes in movement direction, but not optogenetic stimulation of CHIs (two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test, PV-Crimson: w=1.55e+04, P = 0.0058, n _laser-on=116 periods, n _laser-off=124 periods, in 4 mice; Chat-Crimson mice: w=1.83e+04, P = 0.19, n _laser-on=130 periods, n _laser-off=138 periods, in 4 mice). *=P<0.05, **=P<0.01, ***=P<0.001. Changes in movement direction were compared between laser on and laser off periods in PV-Chrimson and Chat-Chrimson mice. Thus PV activation was associated with a general change in movement, including changes in rotational behavior coincident with increased velocity. (c) Normalized change in rotational rate aligned to calcium events in MSNs, CHIs and PVs. Mixed model analysis did not reveal significant interactions between time bins and cell types (Mixed-effects model, F(8,39260) =2.11, P = 0.061). Only MSN events were followed by changes in rotation that were significantly different from pre-event levels, specifically at the 0.5-1 second, 1-1.5 second, and 1.5-2.0 second time windows (t(38630)=8.31, P = 6.11e-16; t(38630)=11.3, P = 1.52e-28; t(38630)=5.66, P = 6.23e-08; Benjamini-Hochberg correction for 12 cell-time comparisons. n _MSN=7727, n _CHI=50, and n _PV=78. A total of 30 cells out of 7855 did not produce an event that was included in this analysis, see methods for details; MSN, n = 28 cells; PV, n = 1 cell; CHI, n = 1 cell). Error bars indicate mean ± s.e.m. For all box plot figures, middle lines indicate the median, lower and upper edges of the box indicate quartiles below and above the median, and upper and lower whiskers indicate the points furthest from the median whose value did not exceed 1.5 times the first-to-third quartile range above the third quartile or below the first quartile.