Fig. 1: A molecular census of DA neurons in the human substantia nigra.

a, NR4A2 antibody-based enrichment strategy and snRNA-seq profiling workflow. b, UMAP representation of 104,097 NR4A2– (left) and 80,576 NR4A2+ (middle) nuclei from eight neurotypical donors. Profiles colored green are from clusters identified as DA neurons. c, Bar plot of proportions of DA neurons per replicate for NR4A2– versus NR4A2+ libraries (median fold enrichment, 70; n = 21 NR4A2+ and n = 16 NR4A2– libraries). d, UMAP representation of 15,684 DA neuron nuclei, colored by cell type. e, Dot plot showing expression of selected marker genes across DA clusters. f, Dendrogram showing phylogenetic relationships among the five species samples in this study. Red and blue branches denote primate and nonprimate species, respectively. g, UMAP representation of 6,253 DA neuron nuclei (3,400 primate nuclei and 2,853 nonprimate cells), colored by species (left), cluster identity (middle) and primate versus nonprimate (right). h, Stacked bar plot showing the proportion of primate profiles (red bars) in each cluster. i, Heatmap of scaled regulon activity, as determined by SCENIC (Methods), for the top three differentially expressed regulons per DA subtype. Bold indicates those TFs previously identified as important for midbrain DA differentiation.