Fig. 4: Voxel-wise association maps of six example phenotypes with χ maps (aligned in MNI space) from 35,273 participants.

The Pearson correlation r is shown as color overlay (red–yellow for positive r and blue for negative r) on the population average χ map. a, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin identifies all subcortical regions captured by our IDPs as well as the red nucleus and cerebellar regions. Particularly, the putamen, caudate, substantia nigra and red nucleus exhibit homogeneous correlations across the entire region. b, Multiple sclerosis (self-reported) identifies subregions of the thalamus (including the pulvinar nucleus and lateral geniculate nucleus) as well as focal white matter regions, such as the optic radiation. c, Anemia (ICD10) identifies the putamen, caudate, red nucleus and cerebellar regions as well as subregions of the substantia nigra and thalamus. d, Diabetes diagnosed by doctor identifies subregions of the caudate, putamen, pallidum and substantia nigra in addition to white matter regions, including the splenium of the corpus callosum and optic radiations. e, Tea intake identifies subregions of the caudate, pallidum and substantia nigra. f, Frequency of consuming six or more units of alcohol identifies the putamen and subregions of the thalamus, caudate and substantia nigra.