Extended Data Fig. 1: Basic characteristics of ELT mice.

(a, b) Serum leptin (a) and corticosterone (b) level of mouse pups at P4 (n = 7, 8 mice per group). Two-tailed unpaired t-test; in a, t13 = 4.413, ***p = 0.000701; in b, t13 = −5.502, ***p = 0.000102. (c) Body weight changes of control and ELT mice fed NC from weaning (21 days old) to adulthood (8 weeks old) (n = 11 mice per group). Two-tailed unpaired t-test, t20 = 4.953, ***p = 0.0000765. (d, e) The resident time spent in the center or periphery area of the open field (d; n = 7, 8 mice per group) and representative movement tracks from control and ELT mice (e). Two-way RM ANOVA (F(1,13)= 0.116, p = 0.739); p = 0.09 for control versus ELT in center; p = 0.09 for control versus ELT in periphery zone. (f) Percentage time spent in the closed arms of the elevated plus maze (n = 5 mice per group). Two-tailed unpaired t-test, t8 = −0.0198, p = 0.985. (g) Locomotor activity is monitored and total distance traveled is measured during the 15 min test period (n = 5 mice per group). Two-tailed unpaired t-test, t8 = −0.250, p = 0.809. (h) Glucose tolerance levels between controls and ELT mice (n = 3 mice per group). (i, j) Adult ELT mice show the normal levels of serum leptin (i) and corticosterone (j) (n = 9, 8 mice per group). Two-tailed unpaired t-test; in i, t15 = −0.416, p = 0.683; in j, t15 = −0.0440, p = 0.965. (k) Diagram of the diet schedule to induce binge-like eating in mice. Mice in Group 3 are subjected to an intermittent HFD access schedule. On day 8, the HFD is presented to mice in all groups. (l) HFD intake in 2.5 h after the presentation of the HFD to mice in Group 1, 2 and 3 (k) on day 8 (n = 7, 4 and 7 mice per group). One-way ANOVA (F(2,15)= 32.824, p < 0.001) was followed by Fisher LSD post hoc test for multiple comparisons; ***p < 0.001 compared with the 1st HFD exposure. (m, n) Body weight changes of adult control and ELT mice fed NC (m; n = 8, 11 mice per group) or HFD (n; n = 10, 12 mice per group). Two-way RM ANOVA (in n, F(5,100)= 6.855, p < 0.001) was followed by Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons; *p = 0.043 compared with control at the respective day. (o) Cumulative HFD intake under chronic HFD (n = 6, 5 mice per group). Two-way RM ANOVA (F(7,63)= 11.704, p < 0.001) was followed by Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons; *p = 0.041, *p = 0.020, **p = 0.002, ***p < 0.001 compared with controls at respective days. n.s., not significant. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.