Extended Data Fig. 7: Additional gene expression and spatial analysis of oligodendrocytes and OPC.
a, UMAP showing subclusters of 11,265 oligodendrocytes and 1,269 OPCs across samples. b, Diffusion map showing the normalized expression level of oligodendrocyte lineage marker genes in oligodendrocytes and OPCs. c, Cell-resolved spatial map for the oligodendrocyte and OPC population of control and TauPS2APP mice. Scale bars, 100 µm. d, Cell type composition around Aβ plaque in different distance intervals for the TauPS2APP samples at eight months. Stacked bar plot showing the density of each oligodendrocyte subpopulation and OPC in each distance interval around the Aβ plaque. Asterisks denote significantly enriched oligodendrocyte subclusters and OPC in each distance interval. One-sided one-sample t-test, *P < 0.05 vs. overall cell density. e, Cell compositions in grid regions with different Tau positive pixel percentage of the TauPS2APP samples at eight months: zero (0%), low (50%), high (100%). One-sided one-sample t-test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001 vs. zero p-tau bin. f, Volcano plots showing DEGs of oligodendrocyte in AD and control comparison at eight and 13 months (y-axis: -log adjusted p-value, x-axis: average log fold change). The two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Genes (p-value < 0.05, absolute value of lnFC > 0.1) are marked in red (up-regulated) or blue (down-regulated). g, Gene ontology enrichment analysis (Fisher’s one-sided test) results of DEGs in oligodendrocytes of the 13-month TauPS2APP samples. h, Matrix plot showing the z-scores of spatial DEGs of oligodendrocytes across multiple distance intervals from plaques. i, Barplots showing the DEG enrichment significance (the Chi squared test) of co-expression modules of astrocyte identified by scWGCNA. The gene module with the most significant DEG enrichment (AM3) is highlighted. j, Matrix plot showing the averaged z-score value of astrocyte gene modules across multiple distance intervals. k, Matrix plot showing the z-scores of DEGs or SDEGs in the disease-associated gene module of oligodendrocytes in each distance interval around the Aβ plaque in TauPS2APP 13-month sample. The total averaged scaled expression level in different distance intervals was visualized by the bars on top of the matrix plots. l, Gene ontology enrichment analysis (Fisher’s one-sided test) results of disease-associated gene module in oligodendrocytes.
