Table 1 ASD omic datasets included in this study. All sequencing datasets were retrieved from the SRA

From: Multi-level analysis of the gut–brain axis shows autism spectrum disorder-associated molecular and microbial profiles

Organism

Body type

Data type

Number of studies

Number of subject pairs

References

Human

Postmortem brain tissue

RNAseq

4

49

Velmeshev et al. 2019 (ref. 59); Wright et al. 2017 (ref. 60); Herrero et al. 2020 (ref. 61); SRP072713 (ref. 62)

Human

Serum

Immune markers

1

22

Zurita et al. 2020 (ref. 24)

Human

Serum

Metabolome

2

50

Needham et al. 2021 (ref. 49); Kuwabara et al. 2013 (ref. 48)

Human

Urine

Metabolome

1

26

Noto et al. 2014 (ref. 50)

Human

NA

Dietary survey

1

26

Berding & Donovan 2019 (ref. 25)

Human

NA

Behavioral survey

1

28

Kang et al. 2019 (ref. 52)

Microbial

Fecal

Metabolome

2

43

Needham et al. 2021 (ref. 49); Kang et al. 2018 (ref. 63)

Microbial

Fecal

16S amplicon

10

346

Berding & Donovan 2019 (ref. 25); Zurita et al. 2020 (ref. 24); Dan et al. 2020 (ref. 28); Chen et al. 2020 (ref. 22); Fouquier et al. 2021 (ref. 23); Zou et al. 2020 (ref. 27); Kang et al. 2019 (ref. 52) and 2017 (ref. 26); Son et al. 2015 (ref. 36); David et al. 2021 (ref. 37); SRP299486 (ref. 29); Martin-Brevet et al.38

Microbial

Fecal

Shotgun metagenomics

3

83

Averina et al. 2020 (ref. 34); Wang et al. 2019 (ref. 33); Dan et al. 2020 (ref. 28)