Fig. 3: Manipulation of PV-INs alters global neural activity.
From: An adaptive behavioral control motif mediated by cortical axo-axonic inhibition
a, Behavioral performance of the number of successes with training and photo-inhibition. Inactivation of PV-INs, but not SOM-INs, resulted in a deficit in finding a hidden goal (n = 8 mice for PV-NpHR, one-way repeated-measures ANOVA, Fsession = 30.0, P = 8.69 × 10−6, Fisher multiple comparisons tests, ***P < 0.001; n = 5 mice for SOM-NpHR, Fsession = 0.42, P = 0.67). b, Schematic of blockage of GABA release from PV-INs by expressing TeTxLC in PV-Cre mice. c, Representative image of increased excitability in PV-TeTxLC mice (n = 6 mice). d, Average transient fluorescence traces of premotor neurons aligned to movement onset (n = 647 cells from six mice for PV-TeTxLC, n = 480 cells from seven mice for PV control). e, An example of movement speed (top), the normalized activity of neurons (middle) and probability of maximum neuron activation (bottom) aligned to movement onsets. f, Average movement speed (top) and corresponding changes of the probability of maximum neuron activation (bottom) aligned to movement onsets. g, Example pairwise correlation matrices. h, Population fraction of neuronal pairs with positive and negative correlation (n = 31,660 pairs for PV-TeTxLC, n = 24,061 pairs for control; chi-square test, χ2 = 1.03 × 104, P = 0). i–n, The activity of PV-INs and ChCs related to the movement initiation. i, An example field of view showing premotor neurons expressing GCaMP6s (green) and flex-tdTomato (red). j, An example trace of movement speed (top) and corresponding heat map of transient fluorescence signals of PV-INs (bottom). k, The normalized activity of PV-INs aligned to movement onset (n = 59 cells from seven mice in PV control). l, The normalized activity of neurons aligned to movement onset in the PV-TeTxLC group (n = 647 cells from six mice in PV-TeTxLC). m, Average ΔF/F traces of PV-INs (top) and neurons in the PV-TeTxLC group (bottom) aligned to movement onset. n, Probability distributions of peak activity timing of PV-INs and neurons in the PV-TeTxLC group aligned to movement onset. ***P < 0.001; error bars and shadings indicate s.e.m.
