Extended Data Fig. 1: The premotor cortex is required for organized purposive motor control.
From: An adaptive behavioral control motif mediated by cortical axo-axonic inhibition
(a-j) Blockage of local glutamate release in the premotor cortex impaired organized motor control. (a) Schematic of virus injection of tetanus toxin light-chain, which blocks local glutamate transmission from excitatory neurons in the premotor cortex by co-expressing AAV1.CaMKII-Cre and AAV1.Flex-tetanus toxin light-chain for CaMKII-TeTxLC group. (b) Representative movement trace (100 s) of a mouse in CaMKII-TeTxLC group on the ball (left) from training sessions 1 to 7 and its 2-dimensional projection (right). (c) Average movement speed of CaMKII-TeTxLC (n = 27 for the experimental group, Exp; n = 7 for CaMKII-TeTxLC; two-way repeated measures ANOVA, Fgroup = 0.45, P = 0.53). (d) Average movement acceleration (two-way repeated measures ANOVA, Fgroup = 19.59, P = 0.0044). (e) Average number of successes obtained in training sessions (two-way repeated measures. ANOVA, Fgroup = 24.11, P = 0.0027). (f) Average latency to reward of CaMKII-TeTxLC (two-way repeated measures ANOVA, Fgroup = 24.11, P = 3.50 Ă— 10−4). (g) Average goal proximity of CaMKII-TeTxLC (two-tailed t -test, t = −5.19, P = 1.03 Ă— 10−6 for Exp; t = −0.06, P = 0.95 for CaMKII-TeTxLC). (h) Movement accuracy of CaMKII-TeTxLC (two-tailed t -test, t = −7.04, P = 2.01 Ă— 10−10 for Exp; t = −1.54, P = 0.135 for CaMKII-TeTxLC). (i) Cumulative turning angle of CaMKII-TeTxLC over time in Sessions 1 and 7. (j) Comparison of cumulative turning angle between Exp and CaMKII-TeTxLC (two-tailed t -test, t = −5.84, P = 5.76 Ă— 10−8 for Exp; t = −2.05, P = 0.050 for CaMKII-TeTxLC). n.s., not significant; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; Error bars indicate s.e.m. In the box plot, the midline, box size, and whisker indicate median, 25-75th percentile, and 10-90th percentile, respectively.
