Fig. 1: FN provides excitatory and inhibitory projections to distinct IO regions.
From: Excitatory nucleo-olivary pathway shapes cerebellar outputs for motor control
a, Anterograde tracing for labeling the excitatory or inhibitory FN outputs. b, Distribution of the excitatory and inhibitory FN axons in cMAO (n = 4 and 3 for VGluT2-Cre and Gad2-Cre mice, respectively; two-sided t-test, mcMAO, P = 3.90 × 10−6; lcMAO, P = 3.90 × 10−6). Dots represent individual mice, and bars represent mean + s.e.m. c,d, Fraction of VGluT2+ and VGAT+ FN terminals in the mcMAO and lcMAO (two-sided paired t-test, n = 15 and 19 sections from three mice for c and d, respectively. P = 1.12 × 10−25 for c and P = 9.57 × 10−28 for d. Dots represent individual sections, and bars represent mean + s.e.m. e, Electron microscopy images of DAB-labeled FN terminals (dashed contours) in mcMAO (left) and lcMAO (right). Inhibitory terminals are identified by the presence of dense GABA-immunogold labeling (blue arrowheads). f, Upper: fraction of GABA− and GABA+ FN boutons in mcMAO and lcMAO (two-sided paired t-test, n = 4 mice, P = 1.87 × 10−5 for mcMAO, P = 1.44 × 10−4 for lcMAO). Dots represent individual mice, and bars represent mean + s.e.m. Lower: comparison of the bouton sizes between GABA− and GABA+ FN terminals (GABA−, n = 41 and GABA+, n = 68 from four mice; two-sided t-test, P = 2.11 × 10−5). Dots represent individual boutons, and bars represent mean + s.e.m. g, Left: whole-cell recording of mcMAO neurons while photoactivating FN axons. Right: example mcMAO neuron (biotin labeled, 1 of 14 cells displayed). h, Left: optogenetic evoked EPSCs from an example recoding (dark, average and gray, 10 individuals). Right: EPSC amplitudes of 14 cells from five mice. Dots represent individual cells, bars represent mean + s.e.m. i, Changes in EPSC amplitudes over time following NBQX infusion (n = 6 cells). Dots and bars represent mean ± s.e.m. j, Example EPSC traces and summary of their amplitudes before and after NBQX application (n = 6 cells from four mice; two-sided paired t-test, P = 4.92 × 10−9). Dots represent individual cells, and bars represent mean + s.e.m. k, EPSCs following 10- and 20-Hz train photoactivation. l, EPSC amplitudes following each light pulse (normalized to the first EPSC, n = 14 cells from four mice). Dots and bars represent mean ± s.e.m.
