Extended Data Fig. 10: Optogenetic activation of FNE-IO neurons drives upper body movements.
From: Excitatory nucleo-olivary pathway shapes cerebellar outputs for motor control
Related to (Fig. 6e-h). a, Polarhistogram of the upper body turning direction following 250-ms photoactivation (50 Hz, 50% duty cycle, 3.00 mW). Unilateral activation of the FNE-IO neurons drives upper body turning toward the contralateral direction. The number of trials in each bin was normalized to the total trials in the polarhistogram (n = 216 from 9 mice), bin size = 9.2°. b, Left: velocities of upper body movements driven by FNE-IO activation from an example mouse. Red dashed line indicates the photoactivation onset. Right: distribution of the peak velocities from all mice (n = 216 trials). c, Trial-by-trial correlation between the upper body turning angle and the movement velocity. Left: heatmaps of the turning angle (upper) and the movement velocity (lower) from a representative mouse. Each row represents one trial, and all trials are sorted based on the turning angle. Dashed line indicates photoactivation onset. Right: scatter plot of all evoked upper body movements and the curve fitting (linear regression model, P = 6.8×10−7) from the same mouse. d, Summary of the turning angle-velocity correlations of all 9 mice. e, Movement velocities in response to 250-ms photoactivation with graded intensities. Blue traces indicate trials with detectable movements (see Methods); gray traces indicate nonresponsive trials; black traces indicate the average turning velocities. f, Summary of the evoked probabilities, movement onset, timing of peak velocity, and peak velocity in response to graded photoactivation intensities. Friedman test with paired Dunn’s multiple comparisons, n = 9 mice, P = 0.51, 0.11, 0.90, and 0.0012 for each comparison. Dots and bars represent mean ± s.e.m. g, h, Same as (e, f), but for the upper body movement following photoactivations with graded durations (3.0 mW, durations indicated in each panel). Cyan traces indicate trials with detectable photo-evoked movements. h, The evoked probability of movement in response to 10-ms photoactivation was minimal compared to other conditions (Friedman test with paired Dunn’s multiple comparisons, n = 9 mice, P = 0.0022). There was no significant difference in the evoked probabilities of movements among the 50-ms, 250-ms, and 500-ms photoactivations (P = 0.57). There was no difference in the movement onset or the timing of peak velocity (P = 0.057 and 0.28, respectively), but the maximum turning angle (P = 1.35×10−4) and velocity (P = 0.0029) positively correlated with the photoactivation durations. Dots and bars represent mean ± s.e.m.
