Extended Data Fig. 6: Control experiments for the dual optical stimulation.

a, Experimental strategy: expressing EYFP in MPOA Vgat+ neurons and ChrimsonR in VTA Dat+ neurons, while delivering 470 nm LED light stimulation in MPOA. b, Raster plot (upper) and PSTH (lower) for an example VTA Dat+ neuron in response to 470 nm light stimulation. c, Firing rates before and after the onset of light stimulation. n = 13 cells from 2 animals. N.S., P = 0.3421, two-tailed paired t test. Error bar, s.d. d-f, Similar to a-c but for expressing ChR2 in MPOA Vgat+ neurons and ChrimsonR in VTA Dat+ neurons, while delivering 625 nm light stimulation in MPOA. n = 19 cells from 2 animals. N.S., P = 0.7076, two-tailed paired t test. Error bar, s.d. g-i, Similar to a-c but for expressing EYFP in MPOA Vgat+ neurons and ChrimsonR in DR Sert+ neurons, while delivering 470 nm light stimulation in MPOA. n = 14 cells from 2 animals. N.S., P = 0.2668, two-tailed paired t test. Error bar, s.d. j-l, Similar to d-f but for expressing ChR2 in MPOA Vgat+ neurons and ChrimsonR in DR Sert+ neurons, while delivering 625 nm LED light stimulation in MPOA. n = 16 cells from 2 animals. N.S., P = 0.5587, two-tailed paired t test. Error bar, s.d.