Extended Data Fig. 5: Optogenetic stimulation of RAm Nts neurons produces vocalization in awake mice.
From: A brainstem circuit for phonation and volume control in mice
a, Schematic of optogenetic stimulation paradigm. b, Sonogram during optogenetic stimulation of RAm Nts neurons (yellow bar, 20 Hz laser light) in awake mouse. Note ultrasonic vocalizations produced within stimulation period (top, magnification). c, d, Quantification of peak syllable amplitude of optogenetically-driven vocalizations (n = 4 mice) in the audible and ultrasonic frequency ranges. Colored lines, individual mice. Note monotonic increase in all mice in peak syllable amplitude of audible vocalizations (left panel) with increasing stimulation frequency, and similar monotonic increase in ultrasonic vocalization amplitude (right panel) for mice that transitioned to ultrasonic. e, f, Quantification of syllable pitch for same audible and ultrasonic optogenetic stimulation trials as c,d. Note lack of change in syllable pitch for individual mice with increasing stimulation frequency.
