Table 2 Birth outcomes and sociodemographic factors have significant effects on structural brain developmenta
ICV | Thalamus | Hippocampus | Amygdala | Caudate | Putamen | Globus pallidus | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference curve | |||||||||
Referenceb | Intercept | Effect | 402,952.30 | 8,924.17 | 2,190.29 | 398.78 | 3,711.22 | 3,345.64 | 1,141.27 |
(s.e.) | (2,676.98) | (42.15) | (13.16) | (5.80) | (22.54) | (51.25) | (16.79) | ||
Asymptote | Effect | 1,285,208.00 | 13,292.35 | 5,159.63 | 2,082.93 | 6,947.72 | 8,535.24 | 2,114.39 | |
(s.e.) | (6,309.91) | (80.24) | (31.85) | (13.30) | (53.36) | (55.41) | (15.88) | ||
Growth Rate | Effect | −5.66 | −6.64 | −6.02 | −5.60 | −6.26 | −6.01 | −6.16 | |
(s.e.) | (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.01) | (0.03) | ||
Main effects | |||||||||
Male sex | Intercept | Effect | 19,177.04** | 423.13** | 80.27** | 19.84** | 114.07** | 226.31** | 40.48* |
(s.e.) | (2,690.45) | (42.57) | (13.34) | (5.48) | (21.93) | (50.16) | (13.33) | ||
% | 4.76 | 4.74 | 3.66 | 4.98 | 3.07 | 6.76 | 3.55 | ||
Asymptote | Effect | 112,624.10** | 990.70** | 365.18** | 190.05** | 325.09** | 671.36** | 182.94** | |
(s.e.) | (6,517.97) | (74.91) | (32.32) | (13.37) | (53.41) | (59.57) | (16.34) | ||
% | 8.76 | 7.35 | 7.07 | 9.12 | 4.67 | 7.86 | 8.63 | ||
Preterm birth | Intercept | Effect | −48,142.85** | −282.32** | −179.79** | −109.84** | −82.43* | −218.48* | −71.87* |
(s.e.) | (4,056.34) | (67.89) | (20.14) | (8.86) | (34.63) | (87.78) | (22.75) | ||
% | −11.95 | −3.16 | −8.2 | −27.54 | −2.22 | −6.53 | −6.3 | ||
Asymptote | Effect | 17,063.40 | −184.55 | −93.51 | −41.81* | −143.08 | −56.33 | −34.43 | |
(s.e.) | (9,981.36) | (112.09) | (47.82) | (19.84) | (79.84) | (89.71) | (23.57) | ||
% | 1.33 | −1.46 | −1.83 | −2 | −2.1 | −0.67 | −1.65 | ||
Low birthweight | Intercept | Effect | −45,116.71** | −295.56** | −176.08** | −74.96** | −185.32** | −385.05** | −96.05** |
(s.e.) | (4,263.44) | (69.66) | (20.97) | (9.16) | (35.98) | (90.67) | (24.03) | ||
% | −11.2 | −3.31 | −8.04 | −18.8 | −4.99 | −11.5 | −8.42 | ||
Asymptote | Effect | −26,109.07* | −110.19 | −87.64 | −24.73 | −146.68 | −165.53 | −69.30* | |
(s.e.) | (10,355.73) | (115.98) | (49.65) | (20.63) | (82.80) | (93.09) | (24.47) | ||
% | −2.03 | −0.93 | −1.71 | −1.19 | −2.14 | −1.96 | −3.3 | ||
Low maternal education | Intercept | Effect | −16,269.64** | −186.31* | −4.71 | 7.27 | −120.10** | 383.86** | 205.47** |
(s.e.) | (3,203.33) | (55.66) | (16.63) | (6.52) | (24.50) | (70.81) | (17.43) | ||
% | −4.04 | −2.09 | −0.22 | 1.82 | −3.24 | 11.47 | 18 | ||
Asymptote | Effect | −45,624.15** | −394.91** | −106.46 | −88.94** | −298.09** | −260.66* | −92.64** | |
(s.e.) | (8,944.40) | (101.29) | (44.70) | (18.62) | (71.94) | (84.23) | (22.38) | ||
% | −3.55 | −2.94 | −2.06 | −4.27 | −4.28 | −3.03 | −4.26 | ||
Low-income family | Intercept | Effect | 4,526.54 | −92.39 | −58.86** | −13.37* | 10.61 | −254.62** | −51.61** |
(s.e.) | (3,174.30) | (53.61) | (16.10) | (6.46) | (25.67) | (60.30) | (14.59) | ||
% | 1.12 | −1.04 | −2.69 | −3.35 | 0.29 | −7.61 | −4.52 | ||
Asymptote | Effect | −14,994.01 | −398.43** | −162.85** | −45.89* | −233.97** | −336.27** | −85.68** | |
(s.e.) | (8,452.62) | (95.18) | (41.57) | (17.25) | (68.13) | (77.43) | (20.71) | ||
% | −1.17 | −2.92 | −3.16 | −2.21 | −3.34 | −3.95 | −4.1 | ||
Number of observations | 3,168 | 3,276 | 3,242 | 3,257 | 3,270 | 2,245 | 2,254 | ||
Number of individuals | 1,835 | 1,865 | 1,857 | 1,861 | 1,865 | 1,469 | 1,469 | ||
