Fig. 1: Longitudinal investigation of participants with planned arm amputations.
From: Stable cortical body maps before and after arm amputation
a, Experimental timeline. Scans before and after amputation were conducted across 4–5 time points: twice before, and at 3 months, 6 months and 1.5 (P1)/5 years (P2) after amputation. b, Illustration depicting the three participants 6 months after amputation, including their subjective description of their phantom limb position. c, Phantom movements are not imaginary. Univariate activity (z-scored) contrast map displaying a participant’s attempts to open and close the phantom hand versus imagining movement, 6 months after amputation. d, Participant’s hand (red) and lip (blue) cortical activation maps (contrasted against feet movements) in the affected hand hemisphere across 4–5 sessions. All maps were minimally thresholded at 33% the maximum z-statistic and used a common color scale (the participant’s maximum z-statistic > 4.5). Participants agreed to have their image reproduced. Brain illustrations in a were created in BioRender.
