Fig. 2: Comprehensive assessment of CFA influence across muscle activity states.
a, Control (n = 1,671 trials) and inactivation (795 trials) trial averages (mean ± s.e.m.) for 4 muscles in 1 mouse. The inset showing the brain schematic is adapted from ref. 18. Vertical cyan bars in a–d, g and k indicate the 25-ms epoch of blue light applied to the CFA and gray dotted lines are 10 ms after light onset. As we z-scored muscle activity measurements using the mean and s.d. from each given session, here and throughout we express measurements in s.d. values of the recorded signal. b, Control (18,397 trials) and inactivation (9,029 trials) trial averages for all 8 mice. c, Mean absolute difference between inactivation and control trial averages across all four muscles. Light-gray lines are individual animals and the solid black line is the mean across animals. For baseline subtraction, control trials were resampled to estimate the baseline difference expected by chance. d, Example of muscle activities and their corresponding first derivatives surrounding trials that were used for creating muscle activity state maps. The weight epoch immediately precedes the start of effects. e, Example of muscle activity state map from one animal. Larger, connected dots show examples of states for sequential overlapping epochs from individual trials. Pairs were chosen based on their similarity during the weight epoch. f, Grid overlaying a map, including only points from the weight epochs used for weighting trials in grid point trial averages. g, Schematic of the calculation of the inactivation effect at each grid point from the control (black) and inactivation (cyan) trial-averaged muscle activity. ΔC and ΔL reflect the slopes of lines connecting the average activity just before to just after the inactivation effect begins, for control trials and light trials, respectively. h, Schematic illustration of the effect size on a plot of ΔL versus ΔC. Their difference is proportional to the distance from the identity line. i, Map in which each grid point colored by the mean distance, in the full 80 dimensional space, between all pairs of embedded state vectors, with each individual distance weighted by a Gaussian function of the pair’s mean distance from the grid point on the 2D map. The Gaussian function is the same as that used for inactivation maps. j, Inactivation effect maps for the four recorded muscles. The color scale maximum and minimum reflect the maximum and minimum effect sizes across all four muscles collectively. j–m, Representative results from one mouse. k, Grid point-averaged muscle activity from control (gray, mean ± s.e.m.) and inactivation (cyan, mean) trials, for three example grid points from the maps in j. l, Maps of P values computed for inactivation effects at each grid point. The q values (gray overlay) reflect the expected false discovery rate below the corresponding P value46. m, Maps showing the average activity for the four recorded muscles at each grid point. The color scale maximum and minimum reflect the maximum and minimum activity level for each muscle separately. The darker blue regions reflect states where the given muscle is inactive. The darker red regions reflect states where the given muscle is highly active, up to between 2.7 s.d. and 5.5 s.d. values above the mean. dist., distance; max., maximum; min., minimum.
