Extended Data Fig. 1: Bright light treatment suppresses food consumption and attenuates weight gain without affecting metabolism in mice. Related to Fig. 1.
a, Experimental design for metabolic test under bright light (BL, 3,000 lux, 12-h) exposure. b, Left, time course of cumulative food consumption at room light (RL, 200 lux) and BL exposure was recorded for 24-h; n = 8 mice. Each symbol represents the mean of eight individual mice. Right, quantitative date of cumulative food consumption (n = 8 mice; Light, RL versus BL P = 0.0027; Dark, RL vs. BL P = 0.6967). c-h, Left, energy expenditure (c, EE), respiratory exchange ratio (d, RER), ambulatory movement (e, XAMB), total activity (f, XTOT), oxygen consumed (g, VO2) and carbon dioxide consumed (h, VCO2) of chow-fed mice at RL and BL exposure was recorded for 24-h; n = 8 mice. Right, quantitative date of EE (c; Light, RL vs. BL P = 0.9893; Dark, RL vs. BL P = 0.9769), RER (d; Light, RL vs. BL P = 0.9923; Dark, RL vs. BL P = 0.9077), XAMB (e; Light, RL vs. BL P = 0.9969; Dark, RL vs. BL P = 0.6523), XTOT (f; Light, RL vs. BL P = 0.8885; Dark, RL vs. BL P = 0.1594), VO2 (g; Light, RL vs. BL P = 0.9692; Dark, RL vs. BL P = 0.7253) and VCO2 (h; Light, RL vs. BL P = 0.9953; Dark, RL vs. BL P = 0.9980) is presented as mean ± s.e.m (n = 8 mice). i, Schematic of experimental design for OFT or EPM after 5 days BL (3,000 lux, 12-h) exposure. j, Quantitative of anxiety-like behaviors (n = 8 mice; Center time, RL vs. BL P = 0.1403; Total distance, RL vs. BL P = 0.2567; Open arms duration, RL vs. BL P = 0.7273). k, Left, schematic of experimental design for corticosterone (CORT) test under bright light exposure. Right, time course of serum CORT level (n = 8 mice, RL vs. BL P = 0.4926). l, Changes in serum CORT levels in mice exposure to different durations (left) or light intensities (right) of light treatment (LT) (n = 8 mice; Bright light exposure, 1 h vs. 7 h P = 0.9827, 1 h vs. 12 h P = 0.8893; Light exposure, RL vs. 1,000 lux P = 0.9846, RL vs. 3,000 lux P = 0.8401, RL vs. 5,000 lux P = 0.9693). Two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple-comparisons test was used in b-h (right) and k (right). One-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple-comparisons test was used in l. Two-tailed unpaired t-test was used in j. ***P < 0.0001; ns, no significant difference. All error bars indicate the mean ± s.e.m. Detailed statistical information is available in Supplementary Table 1.
