Extended Data Fig. 5: Nef residues at the CD4 -binding pocket are highly conserved.

Nef sequences from HIV sequence compendium 2017 were analyzed though multiple sequence alignment (HIV sequence database, www.hiv.lanl.gov). Alignment was done in HXB2 convention (bottom) and important residues are additionally labeled using the NL4.3 convention on top. D123, shown in red text, is important for both CD4 and MHC-I downregulation. Other residues important for CD4 downregulation are in cyan and black texts. Black texts refer to residues, in addition to D123, that surround CD4. Other residues important for MHC-I downregulation are in orange. The logo representation, with the height of each letter proportional to the observed frequency of the corresponding amino acid residue, was generated by WebLogo70.