Extended Data Fig. 2: Workflow of image processing and 3D reconstruction.
From: DNA is loaded through the 9-1-1 DNA checkpoint clamp in the opposite direction of the PCNA clamp

CryoSPARC Live is used to monitor data collection and real-time data processing. We used the particle picking program Topaz and ‘Build and Retrieve’ to obtain particles in more views. 3D variability analysis was applied to yield the 3.2-Å resolution 3D maps in the closed and open states of the Rad24-RFC–9-1-1 clamp–DNA complex.