Fig. 4: Association of ERVs to species-specific gene expression.
From: Regulation of human trophoblast gene expression by endogenous retroviruses
a, Primate phylogeny highlighting cross-species differences in placental morphology and invasion4,47. b, Proportion of human ERVs from each of the selected families that contain orthologous elements in the non-human primates highlighted in a. c, Expression difference between human and macTSCs for genes within 100 kb of an H3K27ac-marked ERV from hTSC-active families, depending on whether there is an orthologous element in macaque. The P value is from a two-sided Wilcoxon test. d, Expression difference between human and mouse TSCs for genes within 50 kb of an H3K27ac-marked ERV in human, mouse (RLTR13D5 and RLTR13B families) or neither species. P values are from an ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test. e, Genome browser snapshot showing a putative example of convergent evolution between mouse and human, wherein different enhancer-like ERVs lie downstream of the ZFP42/Zfp42 gene. Boxplots show median center, 25th and 75th percentile box bounds, and 1.5× interquartile range whisker limits. See the data availability statement for details of the source data for b–d.
