Extended Data Fig. 2: Additional characterization of the cohesin-DNA interaction.

a, Distribution of the number of cohesins per λ-DNA and number of attached beads per λ-DNA. The corresponding distribution of the number of cohesins per bead (right) is derived from the two experimental distributions on the left (see Methods). b, Examples of force-distance curves for cohesin molecules bound to λ-DNA which were either photobleached or not prior to force application, showing photobleaching has no effect on the shape of the curve and the rupture force. c, Examples of two force-distance curves exhibiting two rupture peaks, indicative of two cohesins detaching from the same DNA that were either closer or further apart. The corresponding graphical representation is shown on top. d, Graphical representation of the experiment (top) and the measured force-distance curve (bottom) of a bead attached to λ-DNA via covalently attached biotin instead of cohesin, showing escape of the bead from the trap when the force exceeds 80 pN. e, Graphical representation of the experiment (top) and the measured DNA force-extension (bottom), showing the characteristic melting curve for λ-DNA at 65 pN force.