Online-only Table 1 Overview of dynamic variables collected and compiled for the area in Madre de Dios (Peru), Acre (Brazil) and Pando (Bolivia), the MAP area.

From: A spatiotemporal natural-human database to evaluate road development impacts in an Amazon trinational frontier

Sub-system	Spatial resolution	File name (and abbreviation)	Dynamic variables (units)	Temporal resolution	Time period
HUMAN	Community	Enforcement (ENF)	Enforcement of tenure rules (0 to 1: with 0 = least, 1 = most)	Annual	1985–2010
	Community	Families (FAM)	Number of families in a community	5-yearly	1987–2012
	Community	Family density (FAMD)	Family density (families/km²)	5-yearly	1987–2012
	Community	Paving (PAV)	Paving (0 to 1, with 0 = no paving, 1 = fully paved)	Annual	1986–2010
	Community	PopulationCapital (PC)	Population in the state capital	Annual	1986–2010
	Community	PopulationMarket (PNM)	Population in nearest market	Annual	1986–2010
	Community	Tenure (TEN)	Percentage of deforestation allowed under tenure rules (0 to 1: e.g. 0.1 = maximum of 10% deforestation allowed)	Annual	1985–2010
	Community	TraveltimeCapital (TTC)	Travel time to capital (minutes)	Annual	1985–2012
	Community	TraveltimeMarket (TTM)	Travel time to nearest market (minutes)	Annual	1985–2012
	Country	Electricity (ELNR)	Electricity from non-renewable sources (oil, gas and coal; % of total)	Annual	1980–2010
	Country	Electricity (ELPC)	Power consumption (kWh per capita)	Annual	1980–2010
	Country	Electricity (ELREN)	Electricity from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric (% of total)	Annual	1980–2010
	Country	GDP (GDP)	GDP, PPP (current international $) = GDP converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates	Annual	1980–2010
	Country	GDP (GDPFOR)	Profit from forests (% of GDP)^a	Annual	1980–2010
	Country	GDP (GDPGAS)	Profit from natural gas (% of GDP)^c	Annual	1980–2010
	Country	GDP (GDPGROW)	GDP growth (annual %)	Annual	1980–2010
	Country	GDP (GDPGROWCAP)	GDP growth per capita (annual %)^b	Annual	1980–2010
	Country	GDP (GDPINV)	Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)	Annual	1980–2010
	Country	GDP (GDPMIN)	Profit from minerals (% of GDP)^d	Annual	1980–2010
	Country	GDP (GDPNAT)	Total profit from natural resources (% of GDP)^e	Annual	1980–2010
	Country	GDP (GDPOIL)	Profit from crude oil (% of GDP)^f	Annual	1980–2010
	Country	Population (POPLIFE)	Life expectancy at birth, total (years)	Annual	1980–2010
NATURAL	Point	Hydro_stations (FLOW)	River flow at a number of stations	Monthly*	~1967–2013*
	Point	Meteo_stations (PP)	Precipitation (mm) at a number of meteorological stations	Monthly*	~1985–2011*
	Community	EVI (EVI)	Enhanced Vegetation Index (MODIS product)	Monthly	2000–2010
	Community	EVI2 (EVI2)	Enhanced Vegetation Index 2 (VIPLab product)	Monthly	1982–2010
	Community	Fire (FIR)	Fire occurrence (average over a community area per month)	Monthly	2000–2010
	Community	ForestCover (FOR)	Forest area as percentage of community area	5-yearly	1986–2010
	Community	InferredSpeciesRichness (SR)	Inferred species richness (alpha diversity)^g	Annual	1984–2012
	Community	MaxTemp (MAXT)	Maximum temperature (°C)	Monthly	1982–2010
	Community	MeanTemp (MEANT)	Mean temperature (°C)	Monthly	1982–2010
	Community	MinTemp (MINT)	Minimum temperature (°C)	Monthly	1982–2010
	Community	NPP (NPP)	Net Primary Production (C/m²)	Monthly	2000–2010
	Community	PET (PET)	Potential evapotranspiration (mm)	Monthly	1982–2010
	Community	Precipitation (P)	Precipitation (mm)	Monthly	1982–2010
	Community	SoilMoisture (SM)	Soil moisture (mm)	Monthly	1982–2010
	Country	Land (LANDAG)	Agricultural land (% of land area)^h	Annual	1980–2009
	Country	Land (LANDAR)	Arable land (% of land area)ⁱ	Annual	1980–2009
	Country	Land (LANDPROT)	Percentage Protected Areas (% of whole country)	Annual	1990–2010
	Global	PDO_MEI_AMO (AMO)	Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (unsmoothed and smoothed)	Monthly	1987–2015 (unsmoothed) 1980–2012 (smoothed)
	Global	PDO_MEI_AMO (MEI)	Multivariate ENSO Index	Monthly	1980–2015
	Global	PDO_MEI_AMO (PDO)	Pacific Decadal Oscillation	Monthly	1980–2015

^aAlso called ‘forest rents’, defined as the roundwood harvest multiplied with the product of average prices and a region-specific rental rate.
^bGDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser’s prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current international dollars.
^cAlso called ‘natural gas rents’: the difference between the value of natural gas production at world prices and total costs of production.
^dAlso called ‘mineral rents’: the difference between the value of production for a stock of minerals at world prices and their total costs of production. Tin, gold, lead, zinc, iron, copper, nickel, silver, bauxite and phosphate are included.
^eAlso referred to as ‘total natural resources rents’: the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents, mineral rents and forest rents.
^f‘Oil rents’: the difference between the value of crude oil production at world prices and total cost of production.
^gAlpha diversity translated into species richness per community, inferred from Landsat data by Convertino et al.^41,42.
^hAgricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.
ⁱArable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
*Varying start and end dates. Some time series have gaps, for flow 2 stations have been gap-filled (see ‘Methods’). Time series vary in length for each station.

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Online-only Table 1 Overview of dynamic variables collected and compiled for the area in Madre de Dios (Peru), Acre (Brazil) and Pando (Bolivia), the MAP area.

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