Online-only Table 1 Descriptors and statistics of the ring width series for the 142 measured sites.

FIBP19

Betula pendula

Finland

25

47

48.16

1.93

0.27

0.3

2015-1990

0.923

0.924

NA

FIBP20

Betula pendula

Finland

25

43.4

45.56

2.07

0.31

0.25

2015-1998

0.858

0.900

0.556

FRBP03

Betula pendula

France

25

29.8

31.25

3.08

0.28

0.23

2013-2004

0.923

0.892

0.549

FRBP04

Betula pendula

France

25

52.32

55.04

2.49

0.49

0.24

2015-1985

0.895

0.898

0.57

FRBP21

Betula pendula

France

25

46.88

49.08

1.87

0.11

0.09

2007-2005

0.510

0.741

0.54

DEBP09

Betula pendula

Germany

25

56.16

61.23

2.28

0.39

0.14

2010-1991

0.809

0.804

0.532

DEBP10

Betula pendula

Germany

26

45.77

47.76

1.6

0.56

0.36

2006-1976

0.942

0.932

0.552

ITBP07

Betula pendula

Italy

25

54.68

56.13

2.01

0.46

0.05

2012-1979

0.497

0.402

0.579

ITBP08

Betula pendula

Italy

25

51.64

54.72

1.36

0.18

0.16

2013-1990

0.741

0.840

0.611

LTBP11

Betula pendula

Lithuania

25

27

25.52

4.06

0.4

0.32

2016-2000

0.911

0.831

0.518

LTBP12

Betula pendula

Lithuania

25

16.76

17.74

5.15

0.57

0.48

2016-2004

0.953

0.960

0.539

NOBP15

Betula pendula

Norway

25

73.24

70.59

1.43

0.27

0.22

2016-1977

0.893

0.889

0.574

NOBP16

Betula pendula

Norway

25

26.68

27.24

3.87

0.54

0.32

2016-1996

0.922

0.919

0.578

ESBP01

Betula pendula

Spain

25

37

40.16

3.67

0.33

0.26

2012-1994

0.921

0.907

0.536

ESBP02

Betula pendula

Spain

25

32.16

34.92

2.87

0.25

0.2

2015-2004

0.845

0.893

0.565

SEBP17

Betula pendula

Sweden

25

38.12

40.52

2.73

0.36

0.32

2015-1999

0.930

0.935

0.505

SEBP18

Betula pendula

Sweden

25

42.84

43.48

2.56

0.35

0.25

2015-1993

0.887

0.882

0.622

CHBP05

Betula pendula

Switzerland

25

46.04

51.09

2.9

0.37

0.19

2015-1992

0.842

0.837

0.561

CHBP06

Betula pendula

Switzerland

25

39.04

41.42

2.78

0.18

0.08

2011-1992

0.691

0.779

0.551

GBBP13

Betula pendula

United Kingdom

24

58.83

62.41

1.82

0.29

0.15

2010-1986

0.827

0.828

NA

GBBP14

Betula pendula

United Kingdom

24

47.21

49.54

2.23

0.25

0.12

2016-2007

0.804

0.815

NA

 Mean

43.46

45.41

2.61

0.35

0.23

0.834

0.848

0.557

ATFS13

Fagus sylvatica

Austria

22

147.18

150.81

0.61

0.25

0.16

2015-1960

0.871

0.863

0.584

ATFS14

Fagus sylvatica

Austria

25

32.56

33.8

3.11

0.09

0.09

2015-2001

0.760

0.616

0.578

FRFS03

Fagus sylvatica

France

25

99.44

103.2

1.17

0.44

0.52

2015-1946

0.970

0.976

0.627

FRFS04

Fagus sylvatica

France

25

104.6

105.6

1.03

0.26

0.31

2015-1937

0.913

0.944

0.581

FRFS05

Fagus sylvatica

France

25

143.2

148.58

1.7

0.2

0.33

2015-1944

0.953

0.959

0.61

FRFS06

Fagus sylvatica

France

25

301.44

369.29

1.01

0.32

0.32

2015-1963

0.951

0.940

0.546

DEFS15

Fagus sylvatica

Germany

25

100.36

102.75

1.59

0.27

0.31

2016-1931

0.911

0.884

0.62

DEFS16

Fagus sylvatica

Germany

26

93.62

95.38

1.61

0.19

0.32

2015-1938

0.932

0.875

0.634

DEFS17

Fagus sylvatica

Germany

25

145.24

170.42

0.89

0.38

0.5

2015-1961

0.968

0.968

0.582

DEFS18

Fagus sylvatica

Germany

25

158.24

168.48

1.6

0.46

0.51

2015-1944

0.962

0.958

0.58

GRFS09

Fagus sylvatica

Greece

25

101.32

105.2

1.64

0.22

0.3

2008-1965

0.874

0.898

0.713

GRFS10

Fagus sylvatica

Greece

25

105.68

110.31

1.48

0.13

0.18

2016-1960

0.877

0.877

0.688

ITFS07

Fagus sylvatica

Italy

25

80.64

82.28

2.2

0.21

0.14

2008-1968

0.823

0.853

0.68

ITFS08

Fagus sylvatica

Italy

25

97

99.64

1.9

0.3

0.33

2016-1961

0.927

0.945

0.633

NOFS21

Fagus sylvatica

Norway

25

98.08

99.38

1.15

0.26

0.36

2015-1971

0.956

0.947

0.606

NOFS22

Fagus sylvatica

Norway

25

58.2

59.2

1.94

0.26

0.37

2015-2000

0.956

0.963

0.612

ESFS01

Fagus sylvatica

Spain

25

48.08

52

2.6

0.12

0.2

2015-1993

0.858

0.842

0.594

ESFS02

Fagus sylvatica

Spain

25

45.88

48.28

2.42

0.16

0.19

2015-1995

0.859

0.885

0.604

SEFS23

Fagus sylvatica

Sweden

25

98.44

101.32

2.01

0.25

0.34

2015-1974

0.945

0.943

0.59

SEFS24

Fagus sylvatica

Sweden

25

101.16

103.27

1.88

0.18

0.17

2003-1955

0.858

0.898

0.607

CHFS11

Fagus sylvatica

Switzerland

25

137.24

144.5

0.94

0.29

0.34

2015-1959

0.921

0.929

0.575

CHFS12

Fagus sylvatica

Switzerland

25

77.84

82.64

2.08

0.31

0.21

2015-1963

0.882

0.905

0.612

GBFS19

Fagus sylvatica

United Kingdom

30

160.37

166.57

1.61

0.2

0.29

2017-1915

0.948

0.968

NA

GBFS20

Fagus sylvatica

United Kingdom

27

140.67

144.74

1.63

0.19

0.15

2017-1955

0.886

0.922

NA

 Mean

111.52

118.65

1.66

0.25

0.29

0.906

0.907

0.612

ATPA05

Picea abies

Austria

25

80.92

85

1.6

0.12

0.15

2015-1988

0.893

0.892

NA

ATPA06

Picea abies

Austria

25

140.08

151.89

0.68

0.4

0.21

2015-1955

0.764

0.798

NA

FIPA17

Picea abies

Finland

25

93.52

94.96

1.2

0.28

0.37

2015-1991

0.917

0.917

NA

FIPA18

Picea abies

Finland

25

29.36

30.24

2.26

0.27

0.22

2015-2002

0.860

0.878

NA

FRPA21

Picea abies

France

25

122.28

124.46

1.96

0.13

0.2

2015-1978

0.900

0.899

0.335

DEPA09

Picea abies

Germany

25

118.08

122.06

2.44

0.22

0.17

2008-1984

0.868

0.872

0.319

DEPA10

Picea abies

Germany

25

151.04

159.42

1.51

0.24

0.3

2015-1986

0.935

0.935

0.325

GRPA07

Picea abies

Greece

24

57.25

61.24

3.09

0.16

0.19

2016-1998

0.814

0.823

NA

GRPA08

Picea abies

Greece

25

54.44

57.21

3.79

0.12

0.17

2016-1998

0.886

0.841

NA

ITPA03

Picea abies

Italy

25

105.12

108.7

1.76

0.1

0.23

2013-1967

0.907

0.902

0.336

ITPA04

Picea abies

Italy

25

83.44

85.08

1.67

0.19

0.28

2014-1981

0.939

0.950

0.328

LTPA11

Picea abies

Lithuania

25

73.96

85.18

2.74

0.25

0.29

2015-1981

0.916

0.934

0.378

LTPA12

Picea abies

Lithuania

24

80.54

84.81

2.13

0.17

0.25

2015-1961

0.885

0.870

0.35

NOPA13

Picea abies

Norway

25

75.16

78.28

1.93

0.21

0.35

2015-1988

0.948

0.952

0.356

NOPA14

Picea abies

Norway

25

123.04

125.16

0.93

0.23

0.37

2015-1942

0.945

0.936

0.367

RUPA19

Picea abies

Russia

23

35

39.32

1.45

0.21

0.22

2012-2006

0.860

0.909

0.432

RUPA20

Picea abies

Russia

25

71.72

83.44

3.01

0.32

0.3

2015-1982

0.928

0.924

0.303

SEPA15

Picea abies

Sweden

25

128.72

138.91

0.91

0.25

0.36

2010-1965

0.942

0.944

0.366

SEPA16

Picea abies

Sweden

25

109.56

111.52

1.51

0.36

0.44

2015-1944

0.961

0.971

0.345

CHPA01

Picea abies

Switzerland

25

132.52

140.17

1.95

0.28

0.24

2008-1972

0.940

0.958

0.321

CHPA02

Picea abies

Switzerland

25

78.08

75.75

3.15

0.17

0.17

2015-1989

0.860

0.867

0.301

 Mean

92.56

97.28

1.98

0.22

0.26

0.898

0.903

0.344

FRPP09

Pinus pinaster

France

30

58.5

59.62

2.51

0.66

0.45

2016-1965

0.956

0.971

0.511

FRPP11

Pinus pinaster

France

25

31.16

36.2

3.02

0.33

0.2

2016-1999

0.852

0.879

0.483

FRPP12

Pinus pinaster

France

25

33.64

39.44

3.4

0.53

0.36

2013-1994

0.940

0.942

0.48

FRPP13

Pinus pinaster

France

25

65.16

66.88

3.15

0.53

0.4

2016-1961

0.942

0.933

0.526

FRPP14

Pinus pinaster

France

25

75.2

79.4

4.11

0.44

0.23

2016-1983

0.844

0.833

0.565

ITPP15

Pinus pinaster

Italy

25

58.4

62.08

3

0.48

0.23

2012-1985

0.870

0.853

0.577

ITPP16

Pinus pinaster

Italy

25

40.16

42.46

4.56

0.22

0.11

2013-2009

0.267

0.879

0.546

ITPP17

Pinus pinaster

Italy

25

64.24

67.8

2

0.46

0.39

2008-1980

0.958

0.952

0.541

ITPP18

Pinus pinaster

Italy

25

33.08

36.44

2.83

0.47

0.36

2015-2003

0.917

0.926

0.495

ITPP19

Pinus pinaster

Italy

25

44.36

45.48

2.24

0.39

0.1

2013-2005

0.751

0.761

0.506

ITPP20

Pinus pinaster

Italy

25

56.28

57.76

1.53

0.6

0.25

2015-1976

0.908

0.911

0.495

ESPP01

Pinus pinaster

Spain

25

22.96

24.04

6.65

0.12

0.13

2015-2010

0.877

0.826

0.433

ESPP02

Pinus pinaster

Spain

25

62.44

55.14

3.01

0.14

0.21

2015-2005

0.936

0.906

0.562

ESPP03

Pinus pinaster

Spain

25

70.28

72.72

2.57

0.46

0.44

2015-1966

0.952

0.947

0.462

ESPP04

Pinus pinaster

Spain

25

80.6

82.67

2.14

0.39

0.34

2013-1979

0.931

0.931

0.527

ESPP05

Pinus pinaster

Spain

25

50.8

52.44

2.34

0.67

0.54

2001-1982

0.964

0.977

0.411

ESPP06

Pinus pinaster

Spain

25

57.92

61.26

3.11

0.32

0.17

2015-1982

0.851

0.862

0.448

ESPP07

Pinus pinaster

Spain

25

50.96

52.28

2.49

0.52

0.57

2013-2002

0.966

0.985

0.464

ESPP08

Pinus pinaster

Spain

25

55.08

56.79

2.13

0.44

0.53

2014-1996

0.977

0.973

0.515

 Mean

53.22

55.31

2.99

0.42

0.32

0.876

0.908

0.502

FIPS18

Pinus sylvestris

Finland

25

74.16

75.6

1.1

0.58

0.32

2015-1962

0.922

0.918

NA

FIPS19

Pinus sylvestris

Finland

25

63.16

65.88

1.96

0.45

0.42

2015-1980

0.954

0.955

0.469

FRPS03

Pinus sylvestris

France

26

63.5

64.36

2.61

0.56

0.36

2015-1980

0.937

0.950

0.399

FRPS04

Pinus sylvestris

France

25

107.76

111.83

1.53

0.44

0.31

2015-1918

0.923

0.928

0.499

DEPS11

Pinus sylvestris

Germany

26

104.58

108

1.42

0.51

0.39

2013-1922

0.945

0.934

0.505

DEPS12

Pinus sylvestris

Germany

26

129

126.7

1.57

0.18

0.26

2001-1963

0.883

0.878

0.443

GRPS09

Pinus sylvestris

Greece

25

38.48

39.95

4.54

0.46

0.2

2013-2001

0.854

0.874

NA

GRPS10

Pinus sylvestris

Greece

25

103.08

114

2.55

0.45

0.2

2009-1954

0.865

0.854

NA

ITPS07

Pinus sylvestris

Italy

25

60.32

62.56

1.85

0.51

0.32

2015-1993

0.913

0.914

0.43

ITPS08

Pinus sylvestris

Italy

25

81.48

83.16

1.22

0.38

0.23

2015-1973

0.899

0.920

0.445

LTPS20

Pinus sylvestris

Lithuania

25

109.36

110.08

1.47

0.3

0.39

2014-1958

0.940

0.955

0.456

LTPS21

Pinus sylvestris

Lithuania

21

33.24

34.45

1.05

0.33

0.16

2006-2001

0.672

0.695

0.404

NOPS15

Pinus sylvestris

Norway

25

155.72

157.96

0.85

0.2

0.29

2015-1917

0.923

0.877

0.45

NOPS16

Pinus sylvestris

Norway

25

135.72

137.48

0.99

0.27

0.31

2015-1946

0.936

0.941

0.419

ESPS01

Pinus sylvestris

Spain

25

98.08

100.09

1.79

0.66

0.39

2014-1935

0.939

0.954

0.454

ESPS02

Pinus sylvestris

Spain

25

85

86.52

1.82

0.66

0.43

2013-1950

0.955

0.948

0.392

SEPS17

Pinus sylvestris

Sweden

25

94

95.92

1.35

0.56

0.3

2007-1958

0.926

0.928

0.44

CHPS05

Pinus sylvestris

Switzerland

25

122.08

123.04

1.45

0.26

0.27

2015-1981

0.900

0.861

0.422

CHPS06

Pinus sylvestris

Switzerland

25

106.6

109.88

1.58

0.41

0.35

1983-1979

0.917

0.907

0.447

GBPS13

Pinus sylvestris

United Kingdom

28

166.75

176

1.52

0.21

0.23

2018-1988

0.905

0.886

NA

GBPS14

Pinus sylvestris

United Kingdom

25

119.64

125.13

2.29

0.46

0.16

2011-1996

0.893

0.898

NA

 Mean

97.7

100.41

1.74

0.42

0.30

0.905

0.904

0.442

FRPO04

Populus nigra

France

29

31.72

34.38

8.46

0.35

0.18

2016-2004

0.910

0.868

0.364

FRPO05

Populus nigra

France

25

28.08

26.35

8.47

0.17

0.16

2016-2011

0.274

0.791

0.404

FRPO06

Populus nigra

France

28

32.07

37.48

5.16

0.32

0.13

2013-2004

0.529

0.888

0.425

FRPO07

Populus nigra

France

29

43.1

46.41

3.6

0.12

0.05

2016-2002

0.676

0.544

0.402

FRPO20

Populus nigra

France

29

43.9

31.69

6.02

0.36

0.12

2016-1995

0.773

0.760

0.374

DEPO08

Populus nigra

Germany

25

41.84

46.47

6.25

0.43

0.26

2016-1994

0.897

0.891

0.353

DEPO09

Populus nigra

Germany

25

28.44

30.2

4.34

0.59

0.44

2016-1995

0.958

0.768

0.357

DEPO10

Populus nigra

Germany

25

80.64

86.13

3.77

0.23

0.16

2001-1987

0.834

0.953

0.343

ITPO14

Populus nigra

Italy

25

37.16

35.44

9.06

0.22

0.15

2015-2011

0.792

0.848

0.367

ITPO15

Populus nigra

Italy

25

57.88

66.5

4.49

0.18

0.17

2010-2000

0.865

0.891

0.405

ITPO16

Populus nigra

Italy

25

24.24

27.65

5.61

0.42

0.44

2015-2007

0.959

0.807

0.415

ITPO17

Populus nigra

Italy

25

35.68

39.95

4.84

0.39

0.13

1999-1997

0.000

0.967

0.42

ESPO01

Populus nigra

Spain

21

40.05

41.8

5

0.18

0.19

2015-2006

0.865

0.846

0.39

ESPO02

Populus nigra

Spain

25

15.44

18.29

8.57

0.22

0.23

2016-2013

0.933

0.916

0.424

CHPO12

Populus nigra

Switzerland

32

40.59

40.9

4.75

0.36

0.35

2015-2006

0.947

0.945

0.358

CHPO13

Populus nigra

Switzerland

27

21.78

23.96

5.62

0.13

0.14

2013-2006

0.745

0.780

0.369

 Mean

37.66

39.6

5.87

0.29

0.21

0.747

0.841

0.386

FRQP03

Quercus petraea

France

25

162.8

189.38

1.66

0.25

0.36

1965-1927

0.951

0.880

0.671

FRQP04

Quercus petraea

France

25

148.72

155.95

1.22

0.28

0.35

2015-1928

0.916

0.969

0.668

DEQP17

Quercus petraea

Germany

26

77.54

79.12

2.03

0.3

0.36

2015-1945

0.930

0.914

0.596

DEQP18

Quercus petraea

Germany

27

145.04

147.12

1.19

0.44

0.51

2016-1896

0.961

0.942

0.583

ITQP07

Quercus petraea

Italy

25

69.12

70.88

1.84

0.59

0.27

2016-1966

0.920

0.909

0.698

ITQP08

Quercus petraea

Italy

25

67.12

70.42

1.05

0.62

0.21

2011-1981

0.793

0.842

0.715

ITQP09

Quercus petraea

Italy

25

210.48

257.44

0.75

0.12

0.11

2016-1958

0.870

0.857

0.631

ITQP10

Quercus petraea

Italy

25

208.92

272

0.8

0.18

0.14

2014-1972

0.874

0.864

0.624

LTQP20

Quercus petraea

Lithuania

25

91.8

104

1.35

0.29

0.35

2015-1968

0.934

0.940

0.586

NOQP13

Quercus petraea

Norway

25

132.56

138.18

1.19

0.25

0.43

2015-1975

0.957

0.946

0.632

NOQP14

Quercus petraea

Norway

25

111.24

112.72

0.94

0.36

0.51

2015-1968

0.973

0.970

0.62

POQP19

Quercus petraea

Poland

25

79.52

79.25

1.56

0.22

0.32

1994-1986

0.924

0.933

0.612

ESQP01

Quercus petraea

Spain

25

32.56

34.36

2.51

0.38

0.26

2015-1997

0.918

0.914

0.795

ESQP02

Quercus petraea

Spain

25

32.36

33.32

2.43

0.34

0.31

2015-1998

0.935

0.939

0.717

SEQP15

Quercus petraea

Sweden

25

82.36

84.16

1.84

0.3

0.43

2015-1945

0.950

0.945

0.605

SEQP16

Quercus petraea

Sweden

25

87.72

89.72

1.76

0.26

0.37

2014-1965

0.945

0.954

0.605

CHQP05

Quercus petraea

Switzerland

25

115.24

121.63

1.29

0.27

0.38

2015-1968

0.914

0.914

0.589

CHQP06

Quercus petraea

Switzerland

26

116.88

120.88

1.51

0.21

0.39

2015-1942

0.948

0.893

0.599

GBQP11

Quercus petraea

United Kingdom

21

102.67

101.92

1.94

0.45

0.37

2016-1961

0.909

0.886

NA

GBQP12

Quercus petraea

United Kingdom

25

129

127

1.77

0.38

0.32

2016-1999

0.885

0.901

NA

 Mean

110.18

119.47

1.53

0.33

0.34

0.920

0.916

0.641