Table 4 Measured (\({f}_{{\rm{R}}i{\rm{,m}}}\)) and calculated (\({f}_{{\rm{R}}i{\rm{,c}}}\)) resonance frequencies of the vocal tract models of the female speaker (s2) and their differences in percent.
From: Printable 3D vocal tract shapes from MRI data and their acoustic and aerodynamic properties
Sound | \({{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{{\bf{R1,m}}}\) [Hz] | \({{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{{\bf{R1,c}}}\) [Hz] | \(\frac{|{\boldsymbol{\Delta }}{{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{{\bf{R1}}}|}{{{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{{\bf{R}}{\bf{1}},{\bf{c}}}}\) | \({{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{{\bf{R2,m}}}\) [Hz] | \({{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{{\bf{R2,c}}}\) [Hz] | \(\frac{|{\boldsymbol{\Delta }}{{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{{\bf{R2}}}|}{{{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{{\bf{R}}{\bf{2}},{\bf{c}}}}\) | \({{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{{\bf{R3,m}}}\) [Hz] | \({{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{{\bf{R3,c}}}\) [Hz] | \(\frac{|{\boldsymbol{\Delta }}{{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{{\bf{R3}}}|}{{{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{{\bf{R}}{\bf{3}},{\bf{c}}}}\) | Average |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/aː/ | 752 | 758 | 0.8% | 1414 | 1393 | 1.5% | 3153 | 3149 | 0.1% | 0.8% |
/eː/ | 319 | 326 | 2.1% | 2487 | 2481 | 0.2% | 2972 | 2925 | 1.6% | 1.3% |
/iː/ | 217 | 225 | 3.6% | 2502 | 2501 | 0.0% | 3506 | 3515 | 0.3% | 1.3% |
/oː/ | 415 | 419 | 1.0% | 902 | 902 | 0.0% | 3171 | 3167 | 0.1% | 0.4% |
/uː/ | 335 | 334 | 0.3% | 870 | 857 | 1.5% | 2729 | 2728 | 0.0% | 0.6% |
/εː/ | 680 | 678 | 0.3% | 1900 | 1899 | 0.1% | 2845 | 2825 | 0.7% | 0.4% |
/øː/ | 387 | 388 | 0.3% | 1600 | 1593 | 0.4% | 2324 | 2317 | 0.3% | 0.3% |
/yː/ | 300 | 303 | 1.0% | 1711 | 1699 | 0.7% | 2263 | 2265 | 0.1% | 0.6% |
/l/ | 304 | 318 | 4.4% | 1773 | 1772 | 0.1% | 2870 | 2859 | 0.4% | 1.6% |
/f/ | 484 | 488 | 0.8% | 1613 | 1613 | 0.0% | 2561 | 2559 | 0.1% | 0.3% |
/s/ | 297 | 304 | 2.3% | 1652 | 1646 | 0.4% | 2979 | 2970 | 0.3% | 1.0% |
/∫/ | 299 | 308 | 2.9% | 1781 | 1785 | 0.2% | 2994 | 2994 | 0.0% | 1.0% |
/ç/ | 326 | 333 | 2.1% | 2371 | 2371 | 0.0% | 3128 | 3122 | 0.2% | 0.8% |
/x/ | 731 | 733 | 0.3% | 1545 | 1517 | 1.8% | 2860 | 2843 | 0.6% | 0.9% |
/a/ | 693 | 688 | 0.7% | 1208 | 1189 | 1.6% | 2998 | 2977 | 0.7% | 1.0% |
/ε/ | 578 | 573 | 0.9% | 1718 | 1695 | 1.4% | 2704 | 2675 | 1.1% | 1.1% |
/I/ | 363 | 368 | 1.4% | 1980 | 1966 | 0.7% | 2633 | 2567 | 2.6% | 1.5% |
/ɔ/ | 468 | 470 | 0.4% | 1075 | 1063 | 1.1% | 3079 | 3071 | 0.3% | 0.6% |
/ʊ/ | 379 | 386 | 1.8% | 1093 | 1079 | 1.3% | 3004 | 2982 | 0.7% | 1.3% |
/Y/ | 415 | 417 | 0.5% | 1722 | 1712 | 0.6% | 2452 | 2455 | 0.1% | 0.4% |
/œ/ | 534 | 532 | 0.4% | 1477 | 1453 | 1.7% | 2423 | 2404 | 0.8% | 0.9% |
/ə/ | 510 | 512 | 0.4% | 1503 | 1500 | 0.2% | 2576 | 2574 | 0.1% | 0.2% |
Average: | 1.3% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.8% |
