Table 1 Results for the panel unit root tests and co-integration tests.

From: County-level CO2 emissions and sequestration in China during 1997–2017

Variables

LLC

IPS

Level

First difference

Level

First difference

sdn

0.7541

−8.0742***

12.3274

−7.2143***

(0.7746)

(0.0000)

(1.0000)

(0.0000)

c

−2.0716**

−5.2931***

7.0507

−8.2347 ***

(0.0191)

(0.0000)

(1.0000)

(0.0000)

Pedroni test

Panel PP statistic

Panel ADF statistic

Group PP statistic

Group ADF statistic

2.4199***

5.2237***

1.2318

3.7719***

(0.0078)

(0.0000)

(0.1090)

(0.0001)

  1. Notes: (1) Values in parentheses are the p-values; LLC denotes the Levin, Lin, and Chu t test, while IPS denotes the Im, Pesaran, and Shin Wald statistic test. (2) The LLC and IPS tests for all series include an intercept term. (3) The ** and *** symbols denote rejection of the null hypotheses of a unit root at the 5% and 1% significance level, respectively.
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