Fig. 4

Agreement between scientists and volunteers in the estimation of different phenophases (a) and across species (b,c,d). Mean value per phenophase or species are shown for each group. Accuracy (b) represents the percentage of consistent assessments (either positives or negatives), (i.e., 80% accuracy would indicate that 80% of reports show agreement between scientists and volunteers). Sensitivity (c) represents the chance for a phenological observation to be captured only by volunteers but not by scientists (i.e., 80% sensitivity would indicate that 20% of reports by volunteers missed that species). Finally, specificity (d) represents the chances for a phenological observation to be captured only by scientists but not by volunteers (i.e., 80% specificity would indicate that 20% of reports by scientists missed that species). Species are sorted in decreasing order. Averages and standard errors are shown per species. Species significantly better (green) or worse (orange) than the across species average (vertical dotted line) are highlighted.