Table 1 Dynamic World Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classification taxonomy.

From: Dynamic World, Near real-time global 10 m land use land cover mapping

Class ID

LULC Type

Description

Examples

0

Water

• Water is present in the image.

• Contains little-to-no sparse vegetation, no rock outcrop, and no built-up features like docks.

• Does not include land that can or has previously been covered by water.

• Rivers

• Ponds & Lakes

• Ocean

• Flooded Salt Pans

1

Trees

• Any significant clustering of dense vegetation, typically with a closed or dense canopy.

• Taller and darker than surrounding vegetation (if surrounded by other vegetation).

• Wooded vegetation

• Dense green shrubs

• Cluster of dense, tall vegetation within savannas

• Plantations such as apples, bananas, citrus, and rubber

• Swamp (dense/tall vegetation with no obvious water)

• Any mix of the above

• Any burned areas of the above

2

Grass

• Open areas covered in homogenous grasses with little to no taller vegetation.

• Other homogenous areas of grass-like vegetation (blade-type leaves) that appear different from trees and shrubland.

• Wild cereals and grasses with no obvious human plotting (i.e. not a structured field).

• Natural meadows and fields with sparse or no tree cover

• Open savanna with little to no tree cover

• Parks, golf courses, human manicured lawns, including large fields in urban settings like soccer and baseball.

• Tree cut-throughs for power lines, gas etc.

• Pastures

• Reeds and marshes with no obvious flooding

3

Flooded vegetation

• Areas of any type of vegetation with obvious intermixing of water.

• Do not assume an area is flooded if flooding is observed in another image.

• Seasonally flooded areas that are a mix of grass/shrub/trees/bare ground.

• Flooded mangroves

• Emergent vegetation

4

Crops

• Human planted/plotted cereals, grasses, and crops.

• Corn, wheat, soy, etc.

• Hay and fallow plots of structured land

5

Shrub & Scrub

• Mix of small clusters of plants or individual plants dispersed on a landscape that shows exposed soil and rock.

• Scrub-filled clearings within dense forests that are clearly not taller than trees. Appear grayer/browner due to less dense leaf cover.

• Moderate to sparse cover of bushes, shrubs, and tufts of grass

• Savannas with very sparse grasses, trees, or other plants

6

Built area

• Clusters of human-made structures or individual very large human-made structures.

• Contained industrial, commercial, and private building, and the associated parking lots.

• A mixture of residential buildings, streets, lawns, trees, isolated residential structures or buildings surrounded by vegetative land covers.

• Major road and rail networks outside of the predominant residential areas.

• Large homogeneous impervious surfaces, including parking structures, large office buildings, and residential housing developments containing clusters of cul-de-sacs.

• Cluster of houses, can include smalls lawns or small patches of trees can be included

• Dense villages, town, and cityscape (buildings and roads together)

• Clusters of paved roads and large highways

• Asphalt and other human-made surfaces

7

Bare ground

• Areas of rock or soil containing very sparse to no vegetation.

• Large areas of sand and deserts with no to little vegetation.

• Large individual or dense networks of dirt roads.

• Exposed rock

• Exposed soil

• Desert and sand dunes

• Dry salt flats and salt pans

• Dried lake bottoms

• Mines

• Large empty lots in urban areas

8

Snow & Ice

• Large homogenous areas of thick snow or ice, typically only in mountain areas or highest latitudes.

• Large homogenous areas of snowfall.

• Glaciers

• Permanent snowpack

• Snowfall

  1. Definitions and examples were provided as part of annotator reference materials, along with descriptions of colors and patterns typically associated with each LULC type.