Table 1 Definitions of level one threat classes and names of level two threat classes following Version 1.1 of the IUCN threats classification system.
From: CAN-SAR: A database of Canadian species at risk information
Level 1 Threat Class | Definition | Level 2 Threat Classes |
|---|---|---|
1. Residential and commercial development | Human settlements or other non-agricultural land uses with a substantial footprint. | 1.1 Housing and urban areas |
1.2 Commercial and industrial areas | ||
1.3 Tourism and recreation areas | ||
2. Agriculture and aquaculture | Threats from farming and ranching as a result of agricultural expansion and intensification, including silviculture, mariculture, and aquaculture. | 2.1 Annual and perennial non-timber crops |
2.2 Wood and pulp plantations | ||
2.3 Livestock farming and ranching | ||
2.4 Marine and freshwater aquaculture | ||
3. Energy production and mining | Threats from production of non-biological resources. | 3.1 Oil and gas drilling |
3.2 Mining and quarrying | ||
3.3 Renewable energy | ||
4. Transportation and service corridors | Threats from long, narrow transport corridors and the vehicles that use them including associated wildlife mortality. | 4.1 Roads & Railroads |
4.2 Utility and service lines | ||
4.3 Shipping lanes | ||
4.4 Flight paths | ||
5. Biological resource use | Threats from consumptive use of ‘wild’ biological resources including deliberate and unintentional harvesting effects; also persecution or control of specific species. | 5.1 Hunting and collecting terrestrial animals |
5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants | ||
5.3 Logging and wood harvesting | ||
5.4 Fishing and harvesting aquatic resources | ||
6. Human intrusions and disturbance | Threats from human activities that alter, destroy and disturb habitats and species associated with non-consumptive uses of biological resources. | 6.1 Recreational activities |
6.2 War, Civil unrest and military exercises | ||
6.3 Work and other activities | ||
7. Natural system modifications | Threats from actions that convert or degrade habitat in service of ‘managing’ natural or semi-natural systems, often to improve human welfare. | 7.1 Fire and fire suppression |
7.2 Dams and water management/use | ||
7.3 Other ecosystem modifications | ||
8. Invasive and other problematic species and genes | Threats from non-native and native plants, animals, pathogens/microbes, or genetic materials that have or are predicted to have harmful effects on biodiversity following their introduction, spread, and/or increase in abundance. | 8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species |
8.2 Problematic native species | ||
8.3 Introduced genetic material | ||
9. Pollution | Threats from introduction of exotic and/or excess materials or energy from point and non-point sources. | 9.1 Household sewage and urban waste water |
9.2 Industrial and military effluents | ||
9.3 Agricultural and forestry effluents | ||
9.4 Garbage and solid waste | ||
9.5 Air-borne pollutants | ||
9.6 Excess energy | ||
10. Geological events | Threats from catastrophic geological events. | 10.1 Volcanoes |
10.2 Earthquakes/tsunamis | ||
10.3 Avalanches/landslides | ||
11. Climate change and severe weather | Long-term climatic changes that may be linked to global warming and other severe climatic or weather events outside the natural range of variation that could wipe out a vulnerable species or habitat. | 11.1 Habitat shifting and alteration |
11.2 Droughts | ||
11.3 Temperature extremes | ||
11.4 Storms flooding |
