Table 5 Emission factors of different GHG emissions from discharge pathways.

From: Greenhouse gas emissions from municipal wastewater treatment facilities in China from 2006 to 2019

  

CH4

N2O

CO2

(g CH4/kg COD effluent)

(g N2O/kg TN effluent)

(g CO2/kg COD effluent)

1

Discharge into seas directly

8.75

7.90

570.90

2

Discharge into rivers, lakes, reservoirs etc. directly

47.50

7.90

570.90

3

Enter sewers first, then discharge into rivers, lakes, and reservoirs

47.50

7.90

570.90

4

Enter sewers first, then discharge into seas

8.75

7.90

570.90

5

Enter municipal WWPTs

0.00

0.00

0.00

6

Discharge into sewage irrigated farmlands directly

0.00

8.00

—

7

Discharge into soil

0.00

8.00

—

8

Enter other facilities (decentralized wastewater treatment facilities)

0.00

0.00

0.00

9

Centralized industrial WWTPs

0.00

0.00

0.00

10

Other discharge pathways

27.50

7.90

570.90

  1. Note: CH4 and N2O emission factors of discharge pathways of 5, 8, and 9 are zero, as they belong to the pathway of ‘flowing sewer’, and CH4 and N2O emission factors for the discharge pathway of ‘flowing sewer (open or closed)’ are zero in IPCC 2019. We also assumed that there was no CO2 generation under the pathway of ‘flowing sewer’. Discharge pathway 6 and 7 were regarded as discharge into soil in this study. From IPCC 2019, default CH4 emission factor of the pathway of discharge into soil was 0 g CH4/kg COD effluent. We did not consider CO2 emissions of discharge into soil, because of a lack of data on the CO2 emission factor of discharge into soil.