Table 3 Description of the major regions and specific mountain ranges from Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania, plus the miscellaneous mountain ‘Islands’ region.
From: GABB: A global dataset of alpine breeding birds and their ecological traits
Mountain region | Description |
|---|---|
Europe | |
Northern ranges | Scandinavian mountains, Scottish Highlands, & Iceland |
Southern ranges | Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, & Carpathians |
Caucasus | Greater & Lesser Caucasus ranges & the Anatolian Highlands |
Urals | Ural Mountains, including the high latitude Polar Urals |
Africa | |
Atlas Mountains | High Atlas, Morocco; above a Juniper spp. treeline |
Ethiopian Highlands | Afroalpine habitat in Ethiopia and Eritrea |
East Africa | Primarily Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania), Mount Kenya (Kenya), & the Rwenzori Mountains (Uganda) |
Drakensberg | Themeda-Festuca alpine veld & Maloti-Drakensberg alpine heathlands in Lesotho (independent kingdom within South Africa). |
Altimontane Fynbos | Cape Fold Mountains, South Africa; primarily the Swartberg Range; highest elevation fynbos habitat. |
Madagascar | Andringitra Massif, and the Tsaratanana & Ankaratra Ranges |
North Asia | |
Tian Shan | Tian Shan mountain system, Kazakhstan |
Altai-Sayan | Altai and Sayan ranges in Mongolia and southern Siberia. |
Siberia | Putorana Plateau; Verkhoyansk, Chersky & Dzhugdzhur ranges east to the Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea |
Tibet | |
Pamir ranges | Pamir Ranges on the western boundary of the Tibetan Plateau |
Qinghai-Tibet | The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau |
Hengduan-Qinling | Southeastern and eastern extensions from the Tibetan Plateau |
Hindu Kush-Himalayan Arc (HKH) | |
Hindu Kush | Runs along the border of Afghanistan & NW Pakistan to SE Tajikistan |
Himalayas | Extends along an arc through Pakistan, India (Jammu & Kashmir in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east), Nepal, & Bhutan |
Trans-Himalayas | Mountain range running parallel to & north of the Himalayas; consists of desert steppe and dry scrub |
East Asia | |
Japan | The Japanese Alps in the central Honshu province |
Taiwan | Central Mountain & Hsüeh-shan ranges |
Australasia | |
Australia | Snowy Mountains in southeastern Australia |
Tasmania | Central Highlands |
New Zealand | Central Volcanic Plateau on the North Island, the Southern Alps & the northwest ranges on the South Island, & Stewart Island (above ~400 m) |
New Guinea | Maoke range in Papua & the New Guinea Highlands, plus scattered mountains in Papua New Guinea |
Islands | |
Hawaii | Primarily Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa |
Canary Islands | Highest elevations on Tenerife and La Palma |
Indo-Malayan | Mount Kinabalu, Borneo & Mount Kerinci, Sumatra |
