Table 2 Overview of the instrumentation on Polar 5 during AFLUX (A) and MOSAiC-ACA (M) and the measured quantities, where the number behind the campaign indicates the number of research flights (RFs) the instrument has been operational.

From: MOSAiC-ACA and AFLUX - Arctic airborne campaigns characterizing the exit area of MOSAiC

Instrument	Measured quantities, range, and sampling frequency	Campaign (#RFs)
Meteorology
Dropsondes (RS904)¹⁰⁶	Profiles of T, p, RH, Horizontal Wind Vector, 1 Hz	A(9),M(7)
Turbulence
Nose boom^28,115	T, q, p, Wind Vector, 100 Hz	A(13),M(10)
Radiation
CMP-22 Pyranometer^62,63	Solar Irradiance (Upward, Downward, Broadband λ = 0.2–3.6 μm), 20 Hz	A(14),M(10)
CGR-4 Pyrgeometer^62,63	Terrestrial Irradiance (Up- and Downward, Broadband λ = 4.5–42.0 μm), 20 Hz	A(14),M(10)
SMART -Albedometer⁵²	Spectral Irradiance (Up- and Downward λ = 0.4–1.8 μm), 2 Hz Spectral Radiance (Upward, FOV = 2.1°, λ = 0.4–1.0 μm), 2 Hz	A*, M(8)
Remote Sensing
AISA Eagle/Hawk¹¹⁶	Spectral Radiance (Upward, Swath = 36°, λ = 0.4–2.5 μm), 20–30 Hz	A(13),M(7/5)
Fish-Eye/Wide-Angle Camera¹¹⁷	Spectral Radiance (Lower Hemisphere, RGB Channels), 4–6 s	A(13),M(8)
AMALi⁴⁶	Particle Backscattering Coefficient (λ = 355,532 nm), Cloud Top Height, Particle Depolarization (λ = 532 nm), 1 s	A(12),M(5)
MiRAC-A^35,118	Radar Reflectivity Factor, Doppler Spectra, ν = 94 GHz, tilted by 25°, 1 s Brightness Temperature (BT), ν = 89 GHz, tilted by 25°, 1 s	A(14),M(7)
MiRAC-P³⁵	Brightness Temperature (BT), ν = 6 × 183.31,243,340 GHz, nadir, 1 s	A(14)
HATPRO⁴¹	Brightness Temperature (BT), ν = 7 × 22.24–31.4,7 × 51.26–58.00 GHz, nadir view, 1–2 s	M(9)
KT-19	Brightness Temperature (Upward nadir, λ = 9.6–11.5 μm), 20 Hz	A(14),M(10)
Sun Photometer¹¹⁹	Spectral Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) λ = 400–2000 nm), 15 s	A(11), M**
Cloud Microphysics
2D-S⁹⁰	Cloud PNSD, Particle Shape, D_p = 10–1280 μm, 1 Hz	A(14),M(7)
Polar Nephelometer⁸²	Cloud Prticle Scattering Phase Function, 1 Hz	A(14),M(7)
CAS⁷²	Cloud PNSD, D_p = 3–50 μm, 1 Hz	A(13)
CDP⁷⁷	Cloud PNSD, D_p = 3–50 μm, 1 Hz	M(8)
CIP⁷²	Cloud PNSD, Particle Shape, D_p = 15–960 μm, 1 Hz	A(13),M(8)
PIP⁷²	Precipitation PNSD, Particle Shape, D_p = 100–6400 μm, 1 Hz	A(13),M(8)
Nevzorov Probe¹⁰¹	LWC, TWC, 1 Hz	M(8)

λ is wavelength, ν is frequency, T is temperature, and p is atmospheric pressure. RH is relative humidity, FOV is field of view, PNSD is the particle number size distribution, and D_p symbolize the particle diameter. The references listed for each instrument describe the instrument, calibration procedures, or methods applied to ensure data quality. *Note, SMART only measured the spectral downward irradiance during AFLUX while upward was measured in both campaigns. **Note, data not yet processed.

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Table 2 Overview of the instrumentation on Polar 5 during AFLUX (A) and MOSAiC-ACA (M) and the measured quantities, where the number behind the campaign indicates the number of research flights (RFs) the instrument has been operational.

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