Table 3 QTAB Non-Imaging Phenotypes (domain and measurement source).

From: The Queensland Twin Adolescent Brain Project, a longitudinal study of adolescent brain development

Domain

Measurement Source

Adolescent Session

Parent Session

1

2

1

2

Puberty

 

Pubertal Development Sale (PDS)36

×

×

×

×

Sexual Maturation Scale (SMS)33

×

×

×

×

Cognition

Executive Function

NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB)31 Flanker & Card Sort

×

×

  

Memory

NIHTB-CB Picture Sequence

×

×

  

NIHTB-CB List Sorting & Auditory Verbal Learning

×

   

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fifth Edition, Digit Span Forward & Backward (DS)39

×

   

Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire for Children (PRMQ)41

  

×

×

Language

NIHTB-CB Picture Vocabulary & Oral Reading Recognition

×

×

  

Delis Kaplan Executive Function System, FAS Letter Fluency (FAS)40

×

   

Processing Speed

NIHTB-CB Pattern Comparison

×

×

  

Spatial Processing

Penn Computerized Judgement of Line Orientation (CJOLO)37,38

×

   

Social Cognition

Empathy Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (EmQue-CA)43

 

×

  

Children’s Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (RME)42

 

×

  

Literacy & Numeracy

National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN)

School Grade Years 3,5,7,9

School Grade Year

  

×

×

Anxiety and/or Depression

 

Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS)46

×

×

×

×

Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ)44

×

×

×

×

Somatic and Psychological Health Report (SPHERE-21)45,132

×

×

  

Emotional and Social Behaviours

 

Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviours Scale in Children (IBS)47

 

×

  

Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)48

  

×

×

Australian-adapted Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC-A)50

   

×

Autism Spectrum Quotient – 10 items (AQ-10) (Adolescent)51

   

×

Children’s Response Styles Questionnaire – rumination subscale (CRSQ)52

×

×

  

Children’s Attributional Style Questionnaire – Revised (CASQ-R)53

×

×

  

Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire – Revised (EATQ-R)49

  

×

×

Social Support and Family Functioning

 

Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)55

×

×

  

Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ; Parental Monitoring session 1 only)57

  

×

×

McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD)58

  

×

×

Stress

 

Daily Life Stressors Scale (DLSS)67

×

×

  

Gatehouse Bullying Scale (GBS)68,69

×

×

  

Child Life Events Questionnaire (CLEQ)70

   

×

Prenatal Stress Exposure Scale (PSES) – adapted from72

  

×

 

Parental Stress Scale (PaSS)73

  

×

×

List of Threatening Experiences (LTE)71

  

×

×

Sleep and Physical Health

 

Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS)75

×

×

  

Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC)79

   

×

Sleep behaviours across early childhood – items adapted from Generation R80,81

   

×

Sleep/wake times

×

×

  

Chronotype

 

×

 

×

Shared or own bedroom

   

×

Actigraphy (2-week period following other assessments – subsample only*)

×

×

  

Activity (e.g., sport participation), screen/device usage

 

×

  

Body measurements (height, weight, blood pressure, pulse)

×

×

  

Early Life and Family Demographics

 

Twin pregnancy and birth (including breastfeeding, maternal smoking/drinking)

  

×

 

Early twin development (including gestation age, birth weight, length, head circumference)

  

×

 

Socioeconomic Status (Socio-Economic Index for Areas [SEIFA]85, Australian Socioeconomic Index [AUSE106]86, MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status87)

  

×

×

Parental education, maternal/paternal age at twin birth, maternal/paternal height/weight, family medical history, ancestry (adapted from the 2016 Australian Census)

  

×

 

Dietary Behaviour

 

Australian Child and Adolescent Eating Survey (AES)88

  

×

 

COVID-19 Pandemic Specific Assessments (subsample only)

 

Experiences and worries

 

×

 

×

Active and Passive Social Media Use (APSMU)94,95

 

×

  

UCLA Brief COVID-19 Screen for Child/Adolescent PTSD (PTSD)133

 

×

  

Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)134

   

×

Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)92

 

×

 

×

  1. *The actigraphy sample was largely restricted (N session 1 = 188, session 2 = 134) due to the availability of actigraphy watches rather than a refusal to participate.
  2. SEIFA only.
  3. Adapted from multiple COVID-19 survey sources, including the Swinburne University of Technology (Melbourne) and the NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR).