Fig. 1

Climatological distributions of the averaged WS-MAS (wind speed adopted to force MASNUM-WAM, left column) and WS-OBS (wind speed from observation, right column) in boreal winter (a,b), boreal spring (c,d), boreal summer (e,f), boreal autumn (g,h), and 2013–2014 (i,j), with the corresponding quantitative errors exhibited in panels b, d, f, h, and j, respectively.