Fig. 1

Spatial coverage of mean annual precipitation (mm) (1971–2000) for (a) EM-Earth, (b) ERA5, and (c) APHRODITE data and mean annual temperature (°C) (1971–2000) for (a) EM-Earth, (b) ERA5, and (c) APHRODITE data. Green circles in precipitation and temperature data panels (a and d) show gauging stations for observed datasets obtained from the MRC.