Table 1 Device details.

From: A Database of Snow on Sea Ice in the Central Arctic Collected during the MOSAiC expedition

Instruments

Device Type

Number of devices

Measurement location

Measurement Parameters Raw

Extracted Parameters after processing

Ref

General observations

Protocol sheets

1

In-situ

Snow height, weather conditions, surface type

snow height (cm), weather conditions, surface type

38,39,42

Micro-CT

X-ray computer tomograph

1

Cold lab on Polarstern

3-D geometry

Stratigraphy, Microstructure: Porosity, Density (kg m−3), Connectivity, SSA (m2 kg−1), Anisotropy, Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

53

Micro-CT

DEP Snow Casting Sampler

1

In-situ for later processing

sample extraction for 3-D geometry

Stratigraphy, Microstructure: Porosity, Density (kg m−3, Connectivity, SSA (m2 kg−1), Anisotropy, Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

53

snow micro penetrometer (SMP)

snow micro penetrometer 49, 43, 31

3

In-situ

Hardness

Density (kg m−3), SSA (m2 kg−1), grain type26, stratigraphy

40

NIR camera

Box with Near-Infrared camera at 850 + 950 nm

1

In-situ

Images of NIR reflectance at 850 + 940 nm

SSA (m2 kg−1), stratigraphy

41

ETH-SWE

ETH SWE tube

1

In-situ

SWE

SWE (mm)

43

Temperature

Snow Temperature 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

5

In-situ

Temperature

Temperature (°C)

44

Density cutter

Emerald500 electronic scales 1–4 and 100 cm3 density cutter

4

In-situ

Weight of density cutter + snow

Density (kg m−3)

48

GPS

Garmin GPS

1

In-situ

GPS coordinates

GPS coordinates (lat/lon)

50

Stable water isotopes

Stable water isotopes, vials

NaN

In-situ sampling, WSL laboratory processing

sample extraction (melted)

δ18O, Deuterium (ratio)

52

Overview pictures

Overview pictures, Olympus GP-5

1

In-situ

Images

Overview Images

45

SfM pictures

SfM picture sets, Olympus GP-5+ targets

1

In-situ

Image sets

Small scale DEMs, surface roughness

46

Ruler

Ruler

1

In-situ

Snow height + position of other measurements

Snow height + position of other measurements (cm)

49

Salinity

YSI 30 Salinity, Conductivity, Temperature

1

Polarstern dry laboratory

Salinity, Temperature

Salinity (ppt)

51

Permittivity

POGO portable soil sensor, Permittivity

1

In-situ

Dielectric permittivity (real + imaginary)

Liquid water content (g m−3)

47

  1. Information about each device taken into the field can be found in this table. It gives details on the device type, the published dataset related to this instrument (Ref), the number of devices used in the field, where the measurement took place, the parameters obtained directly from the raw dataset and the possible parameters that can be extracted from this dataset.
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