Fig. 4
From: Magnetic resonance imaging datasets with anatomical fiducials for quality control and registration

The technical validation computations for our anatomical fiducial (AFID) placements on templates and datasets. (a,b) show the equations used to compute mean and inter-rater anatomical localization error, respectively. N = number of subjects in a dataset. If calculating for a template, N would be 1. R = the number of raters per image. In (a) Euclidean distances (shown in pink) represent distance from rater placement to the ground truth (red). The mean AFLE was calculated by dividing the sum of all Euclidean distances across all subjects with the total number of Euclidean distances in the dataset (N × R) for each AFID. In (b) Euclidean distances (shown in pink) represent the pairwise distances between all rater placements on a scan. Inter-rater AFLE was calculated by dividing the sum of the pairwise distances (shown by the sigma notation) by the total number of rater pairwise distances across a dataset per AFID \(\left(N\times R\times \frac{\left(R-1\right)}{2}\right)\).