Table 2 Description of the Variables.

First Mining Company

company1

Name(s) of the mining companies that operated the mine. The list is non-exhaustive and includes consecutive owners and co-ownerships.

Textual

Second Mining Company

company2

Third Mining Company

company3

Fourth Mining Company

company4

Fifth Mining Company

company5

Sixth Mining Company

company6

Name of the Mine

name

Name(s) given to the mine at any point in time.

Textual

ü

Town of the Mine

town

Town where the mine is located.

Textual

ü

Province of the Mine

province

Province where the mine is located.

Textual

Latitude of the Mine

latitude

Latitude coordinate of the mine. The format is decimal degree at the precision of 6 digits or more.

Numerical

Longitude of the Mine

longitude

Longitude coordinate of the mine. The format is decimal degree at the precision of 6 digits or more.

Numerical

Start of Production

open1

Years of production at the mine after 1949. close.i variables can indicate suspension or closure of operation: no distinction is made. In the identification of the years, production years were favored over years indicating the opening of closure of the mine. The variable takes the value of "open" when the mine is still in operation as of 2022. If the mine produced before 1949, it might be indicated under "information".

Date (YYYY)

Suspension of Production

close1

Reopening of Production

open2

Second Suspension of Production

close2

Re-Reopening of Production

open3

Third Suspension of Production

close3

All Commodities

commodityall

List of all the commodities produced by the mine.

Textual

First Commodity

commodity1

Individually listed commodities produced by the mine. They are listed in order of priority. This is the same as the "commodityall" variable.

Textual

Second Commodity

commodity2

Third Commodity

commodity3

Fourth Commodity

commodity4

Fifth Commodity

commodity5

Sixth Commodity

commodity6

Seventh Commodity

commodity7

Eight Commodity

commodity8

Information about the Mine

information

Comments and information about the mine. Examples include the labor conflict/workplace accident, scale of production (small/large), whether it is a ghost town today and facts about the agency of indigenous groups.

Textual

ü

Canadian historical mines Source

source1

Indication (=1 if the source is used, =0 if the source is not used) that some information for this mine comes from the Historical Canadian Mines database [10].

Categorical (dummy)

Provincial Sources

source2

Indication (=1 if the source is used, =0 if the source is not used) that some information for this mine is extracted from province- and territory-specific databases (Alberta¹⁴, British Columbia¹⁵, Manitoba¹⁶, New Brunswick¹⁷, Newfoundland-and-Labrador^18,19, Northwest Territories^20,21, Nova Scotia^22,23, Nunavut^24,25, Ontario²⁶, Quebec²⁷, Saskatchewan²⁸ and Yukon^29,30).

Categorical (dummy)

Other Sources

source3

Indication (=1 if the source is used, =0 if the source is not used) that some information for this mine is extracted from the external weblinks provided (link1, link2 and link3).

Categorical (dummy)

External web sources

link1

References for the secondary sources that have been consulted. It is often included tracking the sources of information and justify the decisions.

Website

ü

link2

link3