Table 2 Change of each variable during three phases.
Phase 1 | Phase 2 | Phase 3 | F | p | η2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||||||
K6 | 5.1 | (5.3) | 4.0 | (5.2) | 3.9 | (5.4) | 167.66 | <0.001 | 0.041 |
PHQ-9 | 4.4 | (5.4) | 3.9 | (5.4) | 3.8 | (5.4) | 44.05 | <0.001 | 0.011 |
UCLA-LS3 | 23.6 | (5.8) | 24.0 | (5.9) | 23.9 | (6.0) | 21.48 | <0.001 | 0.005 |
LSNS-6 | 10.0 | (6.1) | 9.4 | (6.0) | 9.3 | (6.0) | 42.94 | <0.001 | 0.011 |
SHS | 4.4 | (1.0) | 4.3 | (1.0) | 4.4 | (1.1) | 29.81 | <0.001 | 0.008 |
SSS-8 | 6.3 | (5.5) | 5.1 | (5.5) | 5.1 | (5.5) | 187.41 | <0.001 | 0.046 |
AUDIT * | — | 4.4 | (6.1) | 4.4 | (5.8) | 0.67 | 0.501 | 0.011 | |
Exercise | 4.1 | (1.8) | 3.8 | (1.9) | 3.8 | (1.9) | 95.75 | <0.001 | 0.024 |
Healthy eating habits | 4.3 | (1.5) | 4.2 | (1.6) | 4.2 | (1.6) | 19.89 | <0.001 | 0.005 |
Healthy sleep habits | 4.7 | (1.7) | 4.7 | (1.7) | 4.8 | (1.7) | 2.21 | 0.111 | 0.001 |
Favorite activity | 4.0 | (1.6) | 3.7 | (1.7) | 3.8 | (1.7) | 53.23 | <0.001 | 0.013 |
Offline interaction with familiar people | 3.5 | (1.8) | 3.3 | (1.8) | 3.9 | (1.8) | 177.67 | <0.001 | 0.044 |
Online interaction with familiar people | 3.1 | (1.9) | 2.7 | (1.7) | 2.8 | (1.8) | 90.16 | <0.001 | 0.023 |
Altruistic preventive behavior | 5.4 | (1.7) | 5.4 | (1.7) | 5.4 | (1.7) | 3.89 | 0.021 | 0.001 |
Optimism | 4.0 | (1.5) | 4.2 | (1.5) | 4.3 | (1.5) | 69.17 | <0.001 | 0.017 |
Deterioration of household economy | 3.7 | (1.8) | 3.5 | (1.7) | 3.5 | (1.7) | 35.68 | <0.001 | 0.009 |
Deterioration of relationship with familiar people | 2.4 | (1.5) | 2.6 | (1.6) | 2.6 | (1.5) | 61.53 | <0.001 | 0.016 |
Frustration | 3.2 | (1.7) | 3.2 | (1.7) | 3.1 | (1.7) | 4.43 | 0.035 | 0.001 |
COVID-19-related anxiety | 3.9 | (1.7) | 3.4 | (1.7) | 3.2 | (1.6) | 324.70 | <0.001 | 0.077 |
COVID-19-related sleeplessness | 2.5 | (1.5) | 2.5 | (1.5) | 2.4 | (1.5) | 5.58 | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Difficulties owing to the lack of daily necessities | 3.5 | (1.8) | 2.5 | (1.5) | 2.5 | (1.5) | 684.09 | <0.001 | 0.150 |
Difficulties in work or schoolwork | 3.6 | (2.0) | 2.8 | (1.7) | 2.7 | (1.7) | 465.29 | <0.001 | 0.107 |
