Table 4 Description of the sensors used for each measurement, including the brand, sensor model, range, and accuracy according to the manufacturer.
From: Six years of high-resolution climatic data collected along an elevation gradient in the Italian Alps
Sensor | Brand | Model | Measured variable | Range | Accuracy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thermo-hygrometer and solar radiation shield | Rotronic | HC2S3 | Temperature, air Humidity, relative | −40 to 60 °C 0 to 100% | ±0.1 °C at 23 °C ±0.8% at 23 °C |
Vaisala | HMP45C | Temperature, air Humidity, relative | −39.2 to 60 °C 0.8 to 100% | ±0.2 °C at 20 °C ±2.0% at 20 °C (0–90%) | |
Vaisala | HMP155A | Temperature, air Humidity, relative | −80 to 60 °C 0 to 100% | ±0.1 °C at 20 °C ±1.0% (15 to 25 °C) (0–90%) | |
2D anemometer | R. M. Young | Wind Sentry Set 03002 | Wind speed Wind direction | 0 to 50 m/s 0 to 359° | ±0.5 m/s ±5° |
Gill | WindSonic1 | Wind speed Wind direction | 0 to 60 m/s 0 to 359° | ±0.24 m/s at 12 m/s ±3° at 12 m/s | |
Gill | WindSonic4 | Wind speed Wind direction | 0 to 60 m/s 0 to 359° | ±0.24 m/s at 12 m/s ±3° at 12 m/s | |
Rain gauge (weight-based) | Ott | Pluvio2 (400 cm2) | Precipitation | 0.05 to 500 mm/h | ±0.1 mm (−25 to 45 °C) |
Ultrasonic distance sensor | Campbell Scientific | SR50A | Snow height | 0.5 to 10 m | ±0.01 m or 0.4% |
Campbell Scientific | SR50AT | Snow height Temperature, air | 0.5 to 10 m −45 to 50 °C | ±0.01 m or 0.4% ±0.2 °C < 0 °C,±0.75 °C > 0 °C | |
Thermopile pyranometer (Four-component net radiometer) | Hukseflux | SR01 (NR01) | Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation | 305 to 2800 nm 0 to 2000 W/m2 | ±10% for daily totals |
Apogee | SP-510 (SN-500) | Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation | 385 to 2105 nm 0 to 2000 W/m2 | ±5% for daily totals | |
Soil water content reflectometer | Campbell Scientific | CS655 | Soil water content, volumetric Temperature, soil | 0 to 52% −10° to + 70 °C | ±3% (EC ≤ 10 dS/m) ±0.5 °C |
Dielectric water potential sensors | Decagon | MPS-6 | Soil water potential Temperature, soil | −9 to −105 kPa −40° to + 60 °C | ±10% + 2 kPa (−9 to −100 kPa)±1.0 °C |
Meter Group | Teros 21 | Soil water potential Temperature, soil | −9 to −105 kPa −40° to + 60 °C | ±10% + 2 kPa (−9 to −100 kPa)±1.0 °C |
