Fig. 4

Distribution of unique ITS1 fungal sequence lengths across UNITE + INSD67 v10.0 and in our contemporary Australian Microbiome dataset, comparing all fungi, phylum Mucoromycota, ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, and non-ECM (primarily saprotrophic) Agaricomycetes. In these groups, we expect that the exclusion of partial ITS1 sequences during ITS extraction can reduce species detection and biase diversity estimates. The dotted line at 230 bp indicates the 99th percentile of ITS1 sequence length in our contemporary Australian Microbiome dataset, suggesting that species with longer sequences are likely to remain undetected.