Fig. 2

Number of bioconcentration factor observations for bamboo, castor bean, hemp, and sunflower, sorted by elements. A total of 27 elements were identified in 283 analyzed bioconcentration studies in sunflower, hemp, castor bean, and bamboo. Cadmium has the highest number of observations (1,429), followed by lead (1,224) and zinc (1,048). The highest number of cadmium BCF observations was in sunflower, followed by castor bean, hemp, and bamboo.