Fig. 2 | Scientific Data

Fig. 2

From: Cancer incidence data at the ZIP Code Tabulation Area level in the United States interpolated by Monte Carlo simulation with multiple constraints

Fig. 2

Heatmap of reported and suppressed cancer incidence data across U.S. states and demographic subgroups (2016–2020). Each row on the y-axis corresponds to a U.S. state, identified by its FIPS state code (1–56, including DC and territories). Each column on the x-axis represents a race/ethnicity group (All, W: White, B: Black, I: American Indian, A: Asian, H: Hispanic, O: Other), subdivided by age-sex groups (e.g., Male 50–65, Female 65+), forming the 36 population subgroups used in this study. Cell colors indicate the reported average annual cancer case counts (from 0 to 180,000, purple to orange): Black cells indicate suppressed values (i.e., counts ≤ 3) that were masked due to NCI privacy protection policies; Gray cells indicate missing values not reported at all for that subgroup in that state. Color-coded subgroup categories at the bottom denote combinations of age and sex used in the stratified modeling framework.

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