Fig. 3

Integrated workflow for crop classification on the Loess Plateau (2018–2022), encompassing: (a) Image pre-processing; (b) Sample collecting; (c) Cropping intensity; (d) Feature construction; (e) Random Forest classification on GEE.

Integrated workflow for crop classification on the Loess Plateau (2018–2022), encompassing: (a) Image pre-processing; (b) Sample collecting; (c) Cropping intensity; (d) Feature construction; (e) Random Forest classification on GEE.