Table 4 Percentage error of national GDP projection in 2020–2023.

From: City-level GDP estimates for China under alternative pathways from 2020 to 2100

Year

2020

2021

2022

2023

Real GDP

Trillion yuan (2020 constant value)

101.36

109.57

112.85

118.72

GDP estimates based on 2020

Trillion yuan (2020 constant value)

99.80

104.54

110.46

115.36

Percentage error %

−1.53

−4.59

−2.12

−2.83

GDP estimates based on 2015

Trillion yuan (2020 constant value)

97.53

102.04

107.72

112.41

Percentage error %

−3.78

−6.87

−4.55

−5.32

GDP estimates based on 2010

Trillion yuan (2020 constant value)

99.88

103.58

108.42

112.21

Percentage error %

−1.46

−5.46

−3.93

−5.48