Fig. 4
From: An Hourly Dataset of Moisture Budget Components Over the Indian Subcontinent (1940–2024)
Spatial correlation between ERA5moistIN moisture budget components and ERA5’s native diagnostics of vertically integrated moisture convergence and change in storage. Each panel presents Pearson correlation coefficients between hourly accumulated values of ERA5moistIN-derived terms and the corresponding ERA5 native fields for four climatological seasons: MAM (March–May), JJAS (June–September), ON (October–November), and DJF (December–February) for period 1940-2024. (A) Correlation between ERA5moistIN horizontal moisture flux convergence (HMFC) and ERA5’s native vertically integrated moisture convergence (VIMC). (B) Correlation between ERA5moistIN vertical moisture flux convergence (VMFC) and ERA5’s VIMC. (C) Correlation between the sum of ERA5moistIN HMFC and VMFC and ERA5’s VIMC. (D) Correlation between the change in storage term derived from ERA5moistIN and the time derivative of total column water vapor (\(\frac{d({TCWV})}{{dt}}\)) from ERA5. All values are calculated after accumulating hourly tendencies and converting units to kg m−2 hr−1. ERA5moistIN diagnostics are integrated from the surface up to 300 hPa, whereas ERA5 native fields are up to the top level (~0.01 hPa).
