Table 1 Previous studies on carbon dioxide emission accounting in the Greater Bay Area.
Ref. | Case City | Emission scope | Emission calculation | Sector | Time-span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GBA and surrounding Guangdong cities | CO2 emissions from in-boundary energy consumption, and imported electricity generation | Cities with energy balance table: sectoral approach, with emission factors collected from Shan et al.28; Cities without energy balance table: downscaled from estimations with nighttime light data | Residence | 2010, 2020 | |
GBA cities | CO2 emissions from energy consumption by electricity generation and purchased electricity | Emission factor method with emission factors collected from Ministry of Ecology and Environment51 | Electricity generation | 2020 | |
Shenzhen | CO2 emissions from energy consumption | Emission factor method, with emission factors collected from CDMC52, IPCC26, and South China Power grid | Public transport | 2005–2015 | |
Hong Kong | CO2 emissions from energy consumption, electricity, and heating generation | Sectoral approach with emission factors collected from IPCC26, downscaled to 100m-grid with proxy data (transport network and building morphology) | Residence, business, industry, and transport | 2016 | |
305 Chinese cities (including GBA and surrounding Guangdong cities) | CO2, CH4, N2O, fluorinated GHGs from in-boundary energy consumption and industrial processes, and imported electricity (only CO2 covered) | Sectoral approach, with emission factors collected from China Greenhouse Gas Inventory Research 2005 and 2008 | CO2: industry, transport, agriculture, service, household, industrial processes, indirect emissions from electricity generation, forestry carbon sequestration. (Covered sectors for CH4, N2O, and fluorinated GHGs omitted here) | 2015 | |
GBA and surrounding Guangdong cities | CO2 emissions from energy consumption and industrial processes | Sectoral approach and reference approach, with emission factors collected from Liu et al.31 | Industry, household, and industrial processes | 2017 | |
182 Chinese cities (including 12 Guangdong cities) | CO2 emissions from energy consumption and industrial processes | Sectoral approach, with emission factors collected from Liu et al.31 | 47 socioeconomic sectors belonged to primary industry, manufacturing industry, construction, service, and household | 2010 | |
GBA cities | CO2 emissions from impervious land (energy consumption) and cropland (fertilizers, machinery, agricultural film, and irrigation, CO2 absorption excluded) | Impervious land: emission factor method, with emission factors collected from Mahony53 and Yan et al.54, downscaled to 30m-grid with nighttime lighting; Cropland: emission factor method, with emission factors collected from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Nanjing Agricultural University, downscaled to 30m-grid with NDVI data | Impervious land: residence and various production activities; Cropland: agricultural production | 2001–2020 | |
GBA and surrounding Guangdong cities | CO2 emissions from in-boundary energy consumption and industrial process | Sectoral approach, with emission factors collected from Liu et al.31 | agriculture, forestry, fishery and livestock, industry, construction, service, transportation, and residence | 2000–2019 | |
Guangdong cities | CO2 emissions from energy consumption | Calculate-and-correct model, with emission factors collected from Wang et al.55 | (Not specific) | 2005–2017 |
