Table 1 Descriptive summary of variables included in the measurement or facts extension.

ALT

Global 30 Arc-Second Elevation Data in meters (GTOPO30)

[1; 1395]

E-OBS^40,41

BETAIL

Density of horse, cattle, sheep and goat in the canton (ind/ha)

[1; 2.76]

2010 agricultural census⁴²

BOV

Density of cattle in the canton (ind/ha)

[0; 2.67]

CAP

Density of goat in the canton (ind/ha)

[0; 0.31]

OVI

Density of sheep in the canton (ind/ha)

[0; 1.47]

EQU

Density of horse in the canton (ind/ha)

[0; 0.07]

SURF_CANT

Surface of the canton (ha)

[725; 97440]

CLC

Thematic classes of land cover and land use

15 categories

CORINE Land Cover 2018 (vector/raster 100 m), Europe, 6-yearly⁴³

ECO_CLI

Biogeographical regions

4 categories: Continental, Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Alpine

European Environment Agency⁴⁴

EVI

The enhanced vegetation index

[−0.10; 0.96]

MOD13Q1 v061 from MODIS^32,45

−3000 values are to be considered as missing values

NDVI

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

[−0.07; 0.88]

−3000 values are to be considered as missing values

PP

Photoperiod / daylength (hours)

[7.94; 16.52]

Meteor package^46,47

FG_ERA5

Daily mean wind speed (m s⁻¹) calculated from 10m u-component of wind (wind_u) and 10m v-component of wind (wind_v) \(\sqrt{{{wind}}_{u}^{2}+{{wind}}_{v}^{2}}\)

[0.01; 13.44]

ERA5-Land hourly data from 1950 to present³¹

HU_mean_ERA5

Daily averaged 2 m dewpoint temperature. A measure of the humidity of the air (°C)

[−20.39; 21.56]

QQ_ERA5

Daily average surface net solar radiation (J m^-2)

[197473; 28013636]

RR_ERA5

Daily precipitation sum (mm)

[0; 68]

TP_mean_ERA5

Daily mean2 m temperatures (°C)

[−15; 29]

TP_min_ERA5

 Daily min 2 m temperatures (°C)

[−23; 25]

TP_max_ERA5

 Daily max 2 m temperatures (°C)

[−10; 37]

swvl1_mean

Daily average volumetric water in the soil in layer 1 (0–7 cm) of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (m³ m^-3)

[0.08; 0.69]

TPsoil_mean

Daily average temperature of the soil in layer 1 (0–7 cm) of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (°C)

[−3.81; 30.24]

BUILD_OP

Building opening rate (%)

4 categories: 0–5, 5–25, 25–75, and 75–100

Communication for operators

SITUATIONPIEGE

Trap position

2 categories: inside, and outside

VENTDEBUT / VENTFIN

Wind at trap installation / collection

4 categories: no wind, slight breeze to light wind, medium wind, strong wind

NUAGEDEBUT / NUAGEFIN

Cloud at trap installation / collection

4 categories: no cloud cover, low cloud cover, medium cloud cover, high cloud cover

PLUIEDEBUT / PLUIEFIN

Rain at trap installation / collection

4 categories: no rain, fog / drizzle, light rain, heavy rain

SOUSECH

Subsampling protocol

2 categories: no, yes

Communication from the entomological expert in charge of identification

VTOT

In case of subsampling, volume total before subsampling (mL)

[3.4; 322]

0 must be considered as NA

VTRAIT

In case of subsampling, treated volume during subsampling (mL)

[1; 6]

0 must be considered as NA

PRETRI

Pre-sorting of Culicoides genus individuals before sub-sampling

2 categories: no, yes