Table 2 Types of finds and represented periods of human activity in the studied caves.
From: Year-round hourly temperature and humidity sensor readings from arid caves, Judean Desert, Israel
Cave | Har Sifsof | Te’omim | Pitriya | Murabba’at 2 | Pool | Sela' | Tzruya | Horror | Ureideh | Skulls | Qina | Hemar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Artifacts made of inorganic materials | Groundstone (limestone, basalt) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
Flint | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
Bead (minerals) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||
Pottery | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
Metal (mainly copper- and iron-based) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||
Glass | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||
Artifacts and ecofacts made of organic materials preserved in most archaeological contexts | Charred botanical remains | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||
Shell | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||
Skeletal remains (human, fauna) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
Bone, ivory | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||
Organic artifacts and ecofacts preserved under special conditions | Wood, reed (uncharred) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||
Seed, fruit (uncharred) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
Rope, basketry | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
Papyrus | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
Textile | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
Hide, skin | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
Hair | + | + | + | ||||||||||
Occupation periods | Epi-Paleolithic (23,000–11,500 BP) | ? | + | + | |||||||||
Pre-Pottery Neolithic (9500–6500 BCE) | ? | + | + | + | + | ||||||||
Pottery Neolithic (6500–4500 BCE) | + | + | + | + | ? | ||||||||
Late Chalcolithic (4500–3700 BCE) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ? | ||
Early Bronze Age (3700–2450 BCE) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||
Intermediate Bronze Age (2450–1950 BCE) | + | + | |||||||||||
Middle and Late Bronze Age (1950–1140 BCE) | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
Iron Age (1140–586 BCE) | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
Persian-Hellenistic (586–63 BCE) | + | + | ? | ||||||||||
Roman-Byzantine (63 BCE–628 CE) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||
Islamic (628–1917 CE) | + | + | ? | + |