Fig. 3

Variation in the percentage of focal sample time that adult females spent feeding, walking, resting, and socializing (a) in each month, averaged across study groups and years, (b) within each year from 1984–2023, averaged across study groups, and (c) within five social groups, averaged within months from November 1999 to October 2009 (i.e., hydrological years 2000–2009) and averaged within months across the five social groups over the same time period (‘Averaged” panel). ‘Socializing’ included time that the focal individual spent grooming, being groomed, and involved in other social interactions with conspecifics. In (c), white spaces indicate group-months in which we believe focal animal sampling was too sparse to produce a statistically representative sample of the activity budgets (n < 10 focal animal samples).