Abstract
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar is widely recognized as a critical tool for contactless, continuous human sensing across multiple scenarios. Yet, there is a lack of high-quality datasets with synchronized reference measurements, especially at higher frequencies, which are essential for advancing signal processing methods and improving the retrieval of vital parameters. To address this gap, we introduce a mmWave radar vital signal dataset collected with synchronized reference recordings. The dataset is derived from measurements acquired using a custom-built, noncommercial radar system developed by CommSensLab-UPC specifically for biomedical applications. The implemented Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar system operates at 120 GHz within the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. In parallel, a monitoring system records reference physiological signals, including electrocardiograms, respiratory traces, pulse waveforms, and blood pressure values. Under a predefined protocol, a professional clinician collected data from 24 healthy subjects under two scenarios. The release of this dataset aims to facilitate the development and validation of advanced radar signal processing algorithms, thereby enhancing the contribution of radar technologies to hemodynamic monitoring and autonomic nervous system assessment.
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Data availability
Radar vital data were deposited into the IEEE DataPort database and are available at the following https://doi.org/10.21227/wq68-sv85.
Code availability
The code used for the technical validation is available at https://github.com/Rc-W024/VS_DATASET. In addition, a reference script for radar breathing and cardiac signals separation is also included in the repository which can be used by configuring the subject and/or scenarios which shall be viewed. The code was written and tested using MATLAB R2024b for Microsoft Windows.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank all participating volunteers for their contribution. This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities MICIU/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Regional Development Fund FEDER, UE, with projects PID2020-117303GB-C21, PID2022-138648OB-I00, and PID2024-161188OB-C21, the China Scholarship Council (CSC) under Grant 202208390068, and the Industrial Doctorates Plan of the Department of Research and Universities of the Generalitat de Catalunya.
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W.R. and L.M. set up the data acquisition and wrote the paper. W.R. implemented technical validation and tested the algorithms. A.A. designed the radar system and mounting. W.R., L.M., and A.B. designed the experiment and supervised the measurements. L.M. and C.G. did the medical clearing and measurement protocol development. W.R., L.M., A.B., and M.N. did the subject recruitment. A.A. and A.B. were the technical supervisors and L.M. and C.G. was the medical supervisor. A.B. and M.N. supervised the entire project.
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Wu, R., Miro, L., Aguasca, A. et al. A dataset of 120 GHz millimeter-wave radar vital signals with synchronized reference recordings. Sci Data (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07016-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07016-6
