Table 1 Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of the study groups.

From: Undercarboxylated osteocalcin reverts insulin resistance induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

 

NGT

PDM

T2DM Without vascular complications

T2DM With vascular complications

n

22

18

25

33

Age (years)

48.2 ± 7.3

49.6 ± 9.2

50.7 ± 8.3

51.8 ± 6.6

BMI (kg/m2)

23.5 ± 2.1

26.1 ± 1.7#

26.5 ± 3.3*

27.0 ± 2.6*

WHR

0.82 ± 0.03

0.91 ± 0.06#

0.88 ± 0.05

0.90 ± 0.07*

FPG (mmol/l)

5.14 ± 0.24

5.38 ± 0.51

7.25 ± 0.81*

7.83 ± 0.62*

FINS (mU/l)

9.82 ± 1.32

12.04 ± 1.74

20.86 ± 2.75*

25.96 ± 2.95*

HbA1c (%)

5.21 ± 0.27

5.68 ± 0.39

6.08 ± 1.14*

6.86 ± 0.98*

TC (mmol/l)

4.60 ± 0.26

4.88 ± 0.75

5.09 ± 0.87*

5.71 ± 0.93*

TG (mmol/l)

1.21 ± 0.36

1.45 ± 0.45

2.13 ± 0.52*

2.65 ± 0.90*

HDL-c (mmol/l)

1.42 ± 0.82

1.35 ± 0.41

1.12 ± 0.12*

1.01 ± 0.23*

LDL-c (mmol/l)

3.12 ± 0.28

3.36 ± 0.34

3.58 ± 0.49

3.62 ± 0.52*

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

126.92 ± 10.61

121.24 ± 11.38

115.71 ± 8.16

58.75 ± 7.83*

Adiponectin (mg/l)

12.28 ± 2.23

9.14 ± 0.72#

7.09 ± 0.55*

4.83 ± 0.37*

HOMA-IR

2.15 ± 0.31

2.87 ± 0.55#

7.51 ± 0.86*

7.85 ± 2.29*

  1. BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FINS, fasting plasma insulin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin A1c; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; PDM, prediabetes; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio. Data are means ± SD or median (interquartile range).
  2. *P < 0.05 for patients with type 2 diabetes versus normal glucose tolerant group.
  3. # P < 0.05 obesity of prediabetes group versus normal glucose tolerant group.
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